Global Financial Crisis Essay

The current world(a) fiscal crisis which became prominently visible during September of 2008 is considered by most economists and orbit leaders the worst kind since the Great Depression. It is equated with the failure in conservatorship of the many fiscal institutions based in the United States of America. The US is considered the most powerful and the wealthiest nation or rural in the whole world that both(prenominal) transfigure that occurs asshole affect the current status of different countries.The failures committed by the US financial firms have evolved into globular crisis affecting the financial stability of different continents like Europe and Asia. In Europe, bank failures and decline in various stock indexes atomic offspring 18 experienced. Also a large reduction in market values of equities and commodities in the world market occurred. Around the world, the United States of America is very important and is the most prominent region in the world. One proof of th is is the currently finished presidential election of 2008.Each and every nation in the world had their bets on who is going to attain victory between the two candidates running for office. The whole world is not taking their eyes of on who provide inveigle between John McCain, a white candidate and Barrack Obama, a black candidate. Not only the people of the US ar excited in the incoming results however every mortal, loosely world leaders, argon anticipating on the victory of the republican and the peerless who is craving for change.McCain is the presidential candidate that every somebody sees as someone who will continue the way current president George Bush rules the country while Obama, the other presidential candidate who claims of bringing change in the way the US should be governed. Every community supporting both presidential candidates sustains very vocal on who to put into office. But, the end of every fight comes and the black community and the rest of the United States have spoken putting someone who is craving for change in the position making Obama the scratch black president of the most influential nation worldwide.Obama attaining victory has inspired a lot of people, making it realizable for every person to gain what they mostly wanted and in this moment, change is still possible or change can still be sensed. What is the connection between the current global financial crisis which is considered the major crisis after Great Depression and the just finished presidential elections? Well, the effect of every step that the country is taking affects other countries situation. On how the impudent president will govern the country and how he will offer help to other countries is what every nation is expecting from the most prominent nation in the world.While, the current global financial crisis have started in the failure of the United States which is now affecting the whole world is also very influential but in a very negative way for som e other countries. Global financial crisis is mostly equated, or can be treated as stinting crisis because the causes and the effects of the said crisis are mainly economic and mostly on the financial stability and the economic secern of the country. Economic and financial stabilities can be the changes in prices of commodities, bank failures or unemployment.Some of the causes which lead to the global financial crisis are the following (1) high commodity prices, (2) trade, (3) inflation, (4) unemployment, (5) return of volatility, and (6) economic governance. graduate(prenominal) commodity prices can be mostly seen in the purchase of food and oil. Food is very first in the list because it is the main adopt of every person. The family should have enough food to eat every day to maintain the health of every person. Food is the number one need of every person in order to live.Oil follows food in the list since it is the most exported and imported commodity in the world since most na tions are not commensurate of producing oil while other nations are experiencing a surplus of oil. But the price of oil in the world market have reached $147 which led to the annex of oil prices in every country importing oil and the rise in other prime commodities has followed. Inflation is also present delinquent to superabundance silver supply around the world, speculation in commodities, agricultural failure, rise in the cost of imports and the rise in the demand for food and commodities. Unemployment is also considered one of the causes.The number of graduates or those people looking for jobs is growing largely each year while the number of jobs available does not increase as debauched as the number of jobless people. It can be perceived that in the coming year, there will be 20 million people losing their jobs due to the financial crisis. These people who will lose jobs are mostly from the construction, real e declare, financial services and auto sectors and industry. Ec onomic governance is also important since it dictates how the scrimping of the country should be managed not only in time when the economy is stable but also when economic instability becomes unstoppable.How world leaders and economic advisors handle the situation is very important especi completelyy in the US because whatever decision they make will not only be perceived by the nation but also of different and other nations around the world that are mostly dependent on the US economic state. The global financial crisis can result to recession, rise in unemployment rate and liquidity crisis. Just after the 2008 US presidential election, leaders of the United States admitted that the country is in recession. This means that the economy is not stable as well as the financial capability of the country.This is the worst that can happen to the most influential country in the world since most of the countries in the world are depending on the economic changes that will be happening in th e US for economic changes in their countries to also occur. Another worst effect that can be expected if the crisis will not be stopped is the rise in the unemployment rate all over the world. Major companies will be experiencing problems in their balance sheets that may result to the company closing down or laying off a number of workers. The global financial crisis may result in the economy slowing down and jobs will surely be affected.In what way? Investors cogency be experiencing emotions in the presence of paper based losses and there will be a visible decline in wealth. The state of the enthronement can experience a bad state that will choose to either close down or be interpreted over y competitors. Major companies can also result in selling their shares of stock because of the liquidity crisis. In this moment, banks will not be willing to lend money to other banks to protect the money and assets that their investors and depositors have trusted them. It will be a big risk for banks to lend money to other banks since some banks are already experiencing bankruptcy.Another thing is that importing and exporting products from other countries will be costly that the exportation and importation rates can be slowed down. In the exporting country, the commodity prices will be experiencing a decline. The exportation process slowing down, there will be lower prices for goods and services. The presence of the major global financial crisis has forced policymakers to focus on the problem well and come up with reforms that will address the problem encountered due to the crisis. Some policymakers had come up with reforming the global financial system in order to address the problem.World leaders and economic advisors have already conducted meetings regarding the global financial crisis talking near possible steps to address the problem itself and the problems that rooted to from the major crisis. The global financial crisis may have dangerous consequences mainly to the urban and rural poor, the assiduity sector and women and other marginalized sector of the society. These sectors are the most vulnerable to the changes that will be brought by the crisis so the country must first focus on these sectors. Policies focusing and protecting these sectors must be implemented to avoid involuntary hunger and unemployment rate.Since these are expected to be the most affected by the crisis, the state should be able to implement policies regarding social protection of these sectors. Companies who are mostly managing and holding these sectors must consider the state of the workers before deciding to lay-off workers. The most possible way is to offer lower salary for the workers if some of them will not agree to being removed from the job. The lower the salary, the greater the possibility for the owners to pay all the workers and there will be no problems regarding formation of unions because of the removal of employees.The companies just need to talk it o ver to their employees before making a move because the laborers will be the most affected sector. Investors and depositors are starting to save money on their own than putting them on the banks since there are a number of banks experiencing difficulties in maintaining their balance sheets which can result to bankruptcy. Most of these investors and depositors are afraid to trust the banks to take care of their money due to the fact that when the crisis ill become bigger, they will have no money to spend on their basic needs.In this way, the state can talk to the central bank in modify money to banks that need most of the supplies of money to adhere to the customers needs and wants. Investors and depositors still have the rights to their investments. The state should also allocate budget for basic services. Long bourn plans are not possible at this very moment of crisis since as time passes by the number of people who might be experiencing difficulties due to the crisis is rising. The state should not focus on what can be done for the future but focus more on what can be done nowadays to address the current issues brought about by the global financial crisis.Short-term goals are more advised right now since there is a need for a quick recovery for other people especially the ones belonging to the lower-income groups, they are the most affected anyway. Overseas workers have been laid-off because some companies are securing jobs for their own country men. Overseas workers should not just be removed from their work even though they are not from the country they should be assumption the same right as every worker in the country has.Protection of these workers should also be implemented since most of them are taking jobs that the citizens of the country cannot take to get as jobs since most of them see the jobs very low. The global financial crisis might bring something unexpected to the country. As some economists have already perceived the rise in unemployment rate, liquidity crisis and recession might occur. Some may say that this is uncontrollable yet certain measures must be taken to address the problem at the present. Short time goals are the most advised at this moment. s

Depression Research Paper

Depression In this research paper I would be talking about slack disorder and the possible ca utilizes of depression and types of ways to cure it. hither are top five symptoms of wherefore depression disorder occurs. Loss of interest Poor preoccupation and memory Thoughts of regret, self-hatred, and suicide Loss of appetite Lack of sleep Depression is described as a caprice disorder in which you feel sad sometimes, lack of sleep, having difficult times completing tasks during the daylight and other symptoms like the ones described above, it squirt bring down a persons mood during any normal day activities for a long period of time.It also causes negative thoughts, become frustrated, and can cause you to commit suicide. Depression is a bad feeling like you feel like youre going in circles in your mindset. Depression is a common in the United States and other part of the world it is express to be a very(prenominal) serious condition and more than 15 one million million millio n people in the United States has it (VIIBRYD , 2012). What do we do?A recent research study shows that vilazodone or known as VIIBRID is an antidepressant medicine that helps with the disorder but can only be use for adults because it has side effects that wouldnt be so good for young adults do to health problems. By taking this antidepressant it can increase the risk compared to suicidal thinking and behavior in children, teens, if less than 18. A nonher antidepressant would be ABILIFY or known as aripiprazole it is a prescription medicine that helps traverse depression in adults as an add-on treatment to an antidepressant when an antidepressant alone is not enough.It is stated that if you are an adult who has been an antidepressant for at least 6 weeks and are still struggling with depression, thusly aripiprazole could help in as early as 1 to 2 weeks (An-Add On Treatment For Depression, 2011) psychotherapeutics can also be very useful in helping with depression. It can be ve ry helpful for adults or young adults with forms of depression. Psychotherapy can be used alone or in combination with medication. Its also known as a talk therapy.The two main types of psychotherapy that are typically used to treat depression are * Cognitive-behavioral therapy helps to reduce depression symptoms by gainsay and reversing negative beliefs and attitudes. * Interpersonal therapy helps to resolve role disputes and to overcome problems with social skills and other interpersonal factors that may wedge the development of depression. (Pristiq) I choose this particular disorder because I never knew exactly what causes people headaches and why people commit suicide.I feel depress sometimes when I have a lot of pasture to do and little sleep but I manage to work around my time and not let depression bring me down. In researching this disorder I have gotten a better sagacity about the causes of depression, what it means, and ways to treat it. I can help others identify if they are going thru depression or have it but dont realized it and can give them information on how to get help and treat it.Depression is a big mental disorder but Im not going to let it bring me down or others around me. Theres of all time a way out and ways to cure depression disorder that is thru antidepressants, or psychotherapys. plant Cited An-Add On Treatment For Depression. (2011). Retrieved from ABILLIFY web site http//www. abilify. com VIIBRYD . (2012). Retrieved from Viibryd web site https//www. viibryd. com Pristiq. (n. d. ). Retrieved from Depression Treatments web site http//www. pristiq. com

Analysis of Kraft Foods

pic kraft Food Analysis of kraft paper Food kraft Foods is an Ameri pot food for thought and beverage multinational caller-up. It produces and markets many markings to more(prenominal)(prenominal) than 170 countries, and 12 of its brands earn more than $1 billion worldwide annually (Kraft Foods, 2011). Most of the food products which we consume bothday belongs to this order. For instance, slightly of well-kn declare brands ar Jacobs and Maxwell, Milka and Tobler champion, Tang and Cipso. It is the successful and popular leading food companies of the world.So, Kraft Foods result be reviewed in terms of values and promises that it surpasss with consumers and employees, communicating and ph single line satisfaction respectively. set of the play along atomic number 18 divided among its employees. First value of the come with is its employees. The company highlights the importance of its employees and their contribution to the company. It emphasized that hard gain gr ound foring and passionate spurters, who constantly seeks ways to train content consumers by finding innovation, make the company what it was. After it, Focus, Passion, Speed, Teamwork and Trust atomic number 18 listed as the to the highest layer important values of company.Those five values describe fundamental structure of organizational process. Firstly, counseling on what is aimed to make better the business and focus on what is important to make customers beaming is ilk starting point of the process. Generating innovation match to needs is second value of the company. After focus and innovation, Passion which is motive of making better outcome in each work, the next value in order to annoy the around desired outcome. You stand manage focus, innovation and passion, but you to a fault know a speed as a fourth value of company in order to debate with opposite food companies.As it is known in the beginning of the paragraph, employees are the bring out agents who make the induce of brand. So, it is normal that fifth value is the teamwork. The final value of it is trust which is the fundamental block of teamwork and organizational dialogue. Firstly, the company promises to be open and inclusive, beca enforce it sees this value as a critical value to raise a high-performing organizational culture. Being open to different perspectives make innovation easy and better. It claims that openness and inclusiveness to diversity are so embedded into their way of doing business and into every division of it.They constitute its blocks of organizational culture. Taking into account every possible different perspectives and evaluate them is one of promises which the company gives to its employees. Also, it guarantees that discrimination or harassment based on age, race, disability, national origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation or any other legally protected status are non allowed. If the company is able to approach diversity in a positive manner , this gives workers facial expressioning of wisdom and makes them more incite. When we fate to give concrete example, 43% of their mployees are women and 35% of management team is comprise by females. It shows us that there is no gender discrimination on hiring and it opens up to gender diversity. Secondly, it promises employees that they will be work in an worldwide environment. For instance, they peachy deal be participated into European/International projects. Other than it, they coffin nail join into short-term overseas assignments, and then join into longer-term assignments when they develop in their career path. Moreover, the company assures instruct and development programs for employees in order to reach their high hat level of expertise.These programs are like job homework, plunder functional projects and corporate training programs. It also promises giving feedback closely how employees outcome contributes to the business in general. It is straightforward t hat the promises of the company are motivating factor for employees. When we take over into account both values and promises of the company, we can adjudicate that we are open to all ideas, we can discuss close them in a participative context, we can locate collectively and finally we de blisteringr what we decided to others in order to make them be aware of what is outlet on the company.Their motto is We discuss. We decide. We deliver. The company uses variety of ingrained colloquy channels. Social and sports activities are among the practices which HR department prefer to use as internal communication channels. Employees can join sports teams and unionised cordial events including a winter ski day, summer golfing day and a winter family fun day during the holidays. Those enjoyable events are organized by the company-subsidized social committee. They make work atmosphere better and improve communication among workers.It also creates a sense of equity, because every empl oyee has equal access to them. In addition to this, employees can deplete a chance of socializing and increasing interaction with their co-workers by providing richly physical workplace which contains the fittingness facility with free membership, employee lounge with foosball and television, quiet room for meditation and reflection, and a nap room for employees who need a quick break during the day, cafeteria with healthy menus and subsidized meals. While those places offer many opportunities for employees, they can avail the internal communication at the same time.The company thinks that every people has different ways of take up news and information, every people can use different channels, therefore the company must use very different channels to pop off with its employees. The Kraft Foods is relatively very successful in this issue. It uses face-to-face communication activities such as town hall meetings and lunch-and-learn sessions. Moreover, it has its corporate intrane t and internal blog sites. Newsletters, news magazines and e-business updates are also available for employees. The company is also in Facebook. It shares company news.Their community involvement projects and sustainability efforts are announce here. The most important application of it is that some(a) of the Kraft Foods team join to talk about their own areas of expertise to enable information sharing and facilitates internal communication. One of internal communication channel of the company which is very popular is iPhone. Kraft employees use their iPhones for sending email, organizing calendar, and saving contacts. Kraft employees can listen to audio recording messages, dubbed Kraft Casts, from the CEO and other executives on their iPhones.They are so useful to stay up-to-date on the latest corporate strategies and branding initiatives. It can be also very effective to improve picpicpic descending(prenominal)s communication. It makes easy information flow from top people in the company like CEOs to all employees. learn company future strategies or plans by reading from a bulletin is less visual and live compared to by listening and watching from iPhone. in that respect build been many community involvement projects within organization. Employees organized national and international charitable organizations with the support of company.For instance, in my view, the welfare activities serve two functions for the company. Firstly, they can make employees from all levels of organization together. They are one of social events and internal communication channels. They can work for an interdependent goal cooperatively during these charities. Employees from different departments can have a contact with each other and can improve their social relationships with co-workers. In this way, internal communication among employees can be facilitating thanks to them. picpicpic Secondly, they can also become an external communication channel for the company.We can e ncounter much news in the social media when the company performs a charitable activity or subscribes to a relief fund. The company can communicate its brand externally thanks to this news. They can make contribution to the respectability, reliability of company, and at the same increases brand awareness at the same time. In sum, we can consider charitable organizations as both internal and external communications channels. Employer brand of the company is one of external communication channels of it. It can communicate itself by its brand name.While it creates its brand with what it did in the market, the brand creates the company at the same time. There is a reciprocal relationship surrounded by two. It can tell the reputation and image of the company in the market via its brand. At the same time, this external communication channels can be a motivating factor for the employees and for the upcoming new employees. The more famous and prestigious brand is, the more people command to work in this company. Its reputation in the market will attract the new employees. Upward communication is less applied in organizations than downward communication.Although there is an open and inclusive workplace for generating diverse ideas, we can non know whether this freedom is also seen in performance evaluation of managers by subordinates. There is not available information about whether subordinate appraisals of managers are applied or are not. Appraisals of supervisors which are make by the subordinates can give feedback about the performance of supervisors. If they take into account these feedbacks, they can be more effective in their workings process and managing process. As employees start to recognize that heir feedback is taken into account, up(a)(a)(a) communication can be also appendd. On the other hand, the company has spread all just about the world. For instance, one manager who is from Europe can supervise the employees who are from very different and f ar forward country. thank to the ways the Internet enables communications like teleconference, a manager can work for a far away office of the company (Waltner, 2010). Although it has some advantages like company can choose take up manager by basing on performance, not basing on location, it can be a barrier to upward communication.While networks for teleconference are available more easily when there is a meeting between senior managers from different departments, it can accessed more difficulty when more subordinate employee need it to communicate with managers. Moreover, the other factor is cultural differences. How much employees want to share their ideas about managers can be change tally to culture. For instance, in more collectivistic culture, people can think that making criticism about a person can be perceived as offense by him. So, they dont want to share its views about him in order to conform existing situation.They can fear of being evaluated negatively by their man agers if they give negative feedback about their managers. So, suggestion or complaint boxes can be a good solution for those employees. Attitude surveys are one possible ways of improving upward communication. However, if the results of those surveys about the performance and posture of manager are not taken into account by managers, they have no value (Aamodt, 2010). So, managers also organize a time for discussing the feedback with employees face to face.Although Kraft Foods has those kinds of surveys like many international companies, in my view, it can not effectively discuss its result with subordinates. Because, some employees have still account some upward communication problem in a website that employees can report reviews about their company anonymously. One of employees says that there is low level of employee participation in decision making. Also, he suggested that the company should take into account the employee surveys (Kraft Foods Employee Review, 2011). Along wit h that comment, Kraft should initiate more democratic and participative style of management.It can improve upward communication if employees are able to generate ideas or share their concerns about process by including in the decision-making process. The company has all of the channels of communication which are essential in downward communication like bulletin boards, annual reports, newsletters, annual fact sheets or intranets. Although much of communication in organization is downward when compared with upward and although most of channels are available, still downward communication can not reach perfect level.For instance, although the company has a policy manuals or annual reports, they can not function fitly, because they have a very technical language. Employees have to read themselves. Interactive meetings to discuss about current company news can be more effective than only transmitting corporate news and facts through written material. For instance, although Kraft Foods S enior Financial Analyst says that the company has many benefits, he suggests that it should improve communication and especially downward communication from middle management (Kraft Food Employee Review, 2011).Although the company has many channels, still some managers dont in truthly share essential things with employees. Some of them dont set a proper guideline for what employee will do to achieve its goals. They dont healthy share about what, when and how employees will do a task. They think that employees have already known those things, because they are their work. They have a problem in taking employees perspectives. So, people managerial positions can be received training programmes to improve their communication skill with their subordinates and make them aware of needs and strivings of their subordinates.Do employees really well-provided with their jobs? For instance, Dieter Follens who is the manager of fruit Costing Coffee in Kraft Foods Europe said about the company i s that it did not provide only a job for him, but it also provides a career in Finance for him. He had worked as an assistant with internal controls, a financial analyst, a cost controller, finance manager in our European Union (EU) Office after Belgium, and product cost manager respectively. This shows us that Kraft Foods provides employees job rotation.It is one of motivating factors of the company. They can satisfy the needs of growth and challenge. Employees feel less boredom and feel more motivated to their jobs. Also, they can understand better how they contribute to the development of the company (Robbins & Judge, 2011). Understanding the effectiveness of individual outcome and the significance of task which are among five core dimensions of Job Characteristic good example explains the satisfying effects of job rotation. Also, Mr. Follens indicated that awareness of contributing to the the growth f company make him quenched and engaged with job, an even he added that when c ontribution took place in different ways, then satisfaction turns into real pleasure for him. His comments obviously showed us that job rotation and changes in the job characteristics make workers satisfied. This is the example of satisfied employee. It is impossible to expect that all employees feel and think same things about the company and their position. Also, Dieter works in organizational part of the company. We can analyze Kraft Food Company as focusing one after another on white collar workers and blue collar workers.It is a big multinational manufacturing company in the field of food and beverage, so most of its employees are blue collars, in other words, they are periodic workers. While flexile work options were useful for professional employees, they are not good for manufacturing ones. Therefore, employee dissatisfaction was observed among periodical workers in 2001 and 2002 surveys. Fast Adapts Program was prepared in order to decrease the dissatisfaction. It provid ed workers shift-swapping, single-day vacations and job sharing.Changes in work options make increase in the level of satisfaction one year later (Executive Office of the chairperson Council of Economic Advisers, 2010). The underlying factor that made this improvement was the autonomy, because it offered plant managers the autonomy in deciding the best suitable flexible work options for their own plant and implementing them. One empirical study showed that when the perceptions of nurses about chance of structural empowerment changed, changes in psychological empowerment and so in job satisfaction were observed.It heart and soul that employees feel more motivated to work and satisfied with their job when they can make work relate decisions that will affect themselves (Laschinger, Finegan, Shamian, & Wilk, 2004). We can also form a relationship between this employee empowerment scheme and the Job Characteristic Model. It proposes that any job has five basic dimensions Skill varie ty, task identity, task significance, autonomy, feedback. The most relevant dimension to the empowerment programs in Kraft Foods is the autonomy. It can be defined as the degree of freedom which job offer employees about scheduling the work and deciding procedures to implement it.This freedom makes employees more satisfied and intrinsically motivated to job over time by providing to them experienced responsibility and acknowledgement (Robbins & Judge, 2011). We can observe the same pattern in workers of Kraft foods. There are basic key motivators for employees. As in the most companies, compensation and benefits are among key motivator factors of Kraft Foods. For instance, Canada Kraft offers great financial benefits like bonuses for some employees (depending on the position), new employee referral bonuses (up to $1,000 for some positions), and year-end bonuses (to $100,000).Also, it provides health benefits plan including natality drug treatments. In addition to this, it offers a n employee store with discounted food products, dinner catering services (called the Kraft Kafe 5 OClock Solutions to take home meals). Also, it provides maternity leave with 100% of salary for 17 weeks. Performance management is one of motivator factors of Kraft Foods. For instance, employees receive individual performance reviews every 6 months in Kraft Canada (Yerema & Leung, 2011). In order to evaluate employees better, managers enroll training programs how to make effective performance reviews.Also, performance evaluation is not only based on one managers views, but also it is based on co-workers and other managers who know the employee. In addition to this, it takes a consultant service to make employee satisfaction and engagement surveys better and professionally. In relation to performance management, the most important motivating factor of the company is the training and skills development opportunities for employees. Two motivators are very much related to each other. As the company makes proper performance management, it can organize better training programs according to developmental needs of employees.For instance, Kraft Canada offers instruction subsidies for courses that are related to employees position for the development of them. Moreover, it provides professional accreditations in-house training programs online training programs new employee orientation program. In addition to this, the company offers skills development outside the position of employees in Kraft test kitchens like food tastings, cooking classes and culinary presentations. Also, Kraft Foods North America (KFNA) promotes intranet provides professional development resources for its employees including access to training and mentoring.Values and ethics are among key motivator factors of the company. There is an available 15 pages document of Codes of conduct and Kraft Foods Rules of Behavior in the website of the company. It is also translated so many other languages in order to communicate its compliance and values correctly and efficiently with employees from different nations. It states 10 rules which all employees have to be obeyed. For instance, one of the most important rules of it is behaving people fairly. There are some missing motivating factors for employees in the company like clear career path.For instance, Cristina Monterrey who is Human Capital Senior Manager at PricewaterhouseCoopers emphasized that Pwc provide a clear career path to employees. Each employee knows what will be his position in five years. Thanks to this knowledge about their future work life, employees feel more secure and certainty. In this way, employees feel more committed to their work and companies. Other than themselves, an agent helps them organizing their future. Worries about future which can cause stress destruct in this way and employees work passionately.But, in the case of Kraft Foods, although it provides feedback about performance and training programs acco rding to these feedbacks, there is no available information about a structured career program for employees. In order to make employees more motivated, career plans can be provided for them. Kraft Foods Category Planner in Glenview said that Kraft Foods is a lucrative place to work, but the employees earn every cent they make due to extremely long work hours (Kraft Food employee review, n. d. ). Although he reported that there were lots of opportunities, he paid attention to work load especially for employees with a family.Long work hours can create stress problems, because employees can not balance their work and family life properly. Long hours can be a fundamental dissatisfying factor and it can harm performance along with effect of stress. In my view, there can be some modifications in work schedule. For instance, they can provide alternative or flexible work schedules. Employees start to feel more control over their work by deciding their own working hours. This autonomy and po sitive effect of change on family life can make employees more motivated to their jobs. References Aamodt, M. G. (2010).Industrial/Organizational Psychology. USA Wadsworth Cengage learning. Executive Office of the President Council of Economic Advisers. (2010). Work-life Balance and the Economics of the work Flexibility. Kraft Foods. (2011). In Wikipedia. Retrieved November 19, 2011, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Kraft_Foods. Kraft Foods Employee Review (2011). Retrieved from http//www. glassdoor. com/Reviews/Kraft- Foods-Reviews-E13294. htm. Laschinger,H. K. S. , Finegan, J. E. , Shamian, J. , & Wilk, P. (2004). A longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Workplace potency on Work Satisfaction.Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 527545. Robbins, S. P. , & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational Behavior. New jersey Pearson. Yerema, R. and Leung, K. (2011). Chosen as one of Canadas Top 100 Employers and Greater Torontos Top Employers for 2012. Retrieved from http//www. eluta. ca/ top-employer-kraft-canada. Waltner, C. (2010). Networking Communications for the Global Corporation An Interview with Kraft Foods CIO, Mark Dajani. Retrieved from http//newsroom. cisco. com/feature-content? type=webcontent&articleId=5305212. picpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpic

Similarities and Conflicts in ” a Streetcar Named Desire”

Summary Stella and Blanche be in the bedroom on an sumptuous afternoon. Blanche breaks emerge in laughter at the un integrityfulness of the earn she has scarcely finished writing to Shep Huntleigh, prompting Stella to bespeak her round the earns contents. Blanche glee salutaryy reads the earn aloud. In it, she suggests that she visit Shep in D bothas, and she claims that she and Stella exhaust been merry themselves with society parties and visits to luxurious country homes. Stella finds no humor in her sisters stories. Their conversation is break by the sound of Steve and Eunice bouting upst pose. Eunice accuses Steve of infidelity and cries out as he take offs to beat her. subsequently a huge noise, Eunice scarpers out of her flat, yelling that she is going to the police. Stanley, takingsing home from bowling, asks Stella why Eunice is so distraught. Stella says that Eunice has had a fight with Steve, and she asks whether Eunice is with the police. Stanley replies t hat he has just forecastn her at the bar approximately the corner, having a drink. Stella responds leisurelyheartedly that alcohol is a more applicatory cure than the police for Eunices woes.Steve comes d sufferstairs nursing a bruise on his forehead, inquires after Eunices where nearlys, and grumpily hurries off to the bar. In the Kowalski apartment, Stanley and Blanche have a tense conversation. Blanche makes superficially charming comments to Stanley that subtly affront his lower-class disposition. Stanley is unusually rude to Blanche. He insinuates that he has acquired surviveledge of Blanches preceding(a) and asks her if she cognises a received man named Shaw. Blanche falters immediately at the mention of Shaws name and answers evasively, replying that in that location are many Shaws in the world.Stanley goes on to say that the Shaw he met often travels to Blanches hometown of Laurel, Mississippi, and that Shaw claims Blanche was often the client of a disre purgeable hotel. Blanche fiercely denies Stanleys accusation and insists that Shaw must have conf utilize her with some iodin else. Stanley says he leave check with Shaw the next era he defines him. Eunice and Steve stroll back to their apartment, affectionately wrapped in distri barelyively separates arms. Stanley and because heads off to the bar, telling Stella to meet him in that respect. Stanleys remarks leave Blanche horribly shaken, only if Stella doesnt att block up to notice.Blanche demands to know what people in town have been saying some her, only when Stella has no imagination what Blanche is talk intimately. Blanche confesses that she has behaved mischievously during the past twain age, the period when she was losing Belle Reve. She criticizes herself for not being self-sufficient and describes herself as subdued, claiming that she has to rely on Chinese lanterns and light colors to make herself shimmer and glow. She then admits that she no clock-consuming has the youth or sweetheart to glow in the soft light. Offering Blanche a soda, Stella responds that she doesnt like to hear such(prenominal) depressing talk.Blanche says that she pauperizations a shot of alcohol to put in the Coke. She tries to get it herself, except Stella insists on delay on her, claiming that she likes to do so because it reminds her of their childhood. Blanche becomes hysterical and promises to leave shortly, earlier Stanley th course of studys her out. Stella calms her for a moment, but when she accidentally spills a little soda on Blanches skirt, Blanche lets out a shriek. Blanche tries to laugh off the fact that she is shaking, claiming that she feels nauseated nearly her date that evening with Mitch.She explains that she hasnt been honest with him about her age and that she feels she lacks the forces of leader her youthful beauty at one time provided her. She has not gone to bed with him because she wants Mitchs respect, but shes worried he will lose interest in her. She is convinced that she must maintain her act if Mitch is to cheat her. She wants him very badly and says she needs him as a stabilizing forceand as her ticket external from Elysian Fields. As Stanley comes about the corner, yelling for Stella, Steve, and Eunice, Stella assures Blanche that everything will work out.She gives Blanche a kiss and then runs off to join Stanley at the bar. Eunice and Steve run after her. Sipping her drink, Blanche sits alone in the apartment and waits for Mitch. A new-fangled man comes to the door to gather up currency for the newspaper. Blanche flirts with him, offers him a drink, and launches a seduction. The late man is uncomfortable and neuronic. Blanche declares that he looks like an Arabian prince, then kisses him on the lips and s rests him on his way, saying, Ive got to be goodand keep my hands off children. A a few(prenominal) moments subsequent, Mitch appears with a bunch of roses. Blanche accepts the flowers with very some(prenominal) fanfare, small-arm Mitch glows. Analysis Although Stellas reassurance and comforting of Blanche about her relationship with Mitch is a rare moment of unchecked affection between the two sisters, by not revealing her past Blanche prevents Stellas full comprehension of the desperate nature of Blanches situation. Even without Stanley around to prevent issue and open communication, Blanche cannot bring herself to explain her belief that Mitch is her subsist chance of salvation from ruin.Because Stella does not know the full weight of the baggage Blanche is carrying, she cannot provide the advice and support Blanche needs, and she simply expresses hope that Mitch will bring Blanche the same rapture that Stanley brings her. When she throws herself at the young newspaper male child, Blanche reveals her hypocrisyshe is lewd underneath her genteel, morally upright window dressing. Blanche condemns Stanley and Stellas purely sexual relationship, but we see that her urges are every bit as arduous as Stellas, provided much less appropriate.Compared with Blanches behavior, Stellas shaft life looks healthy and wholesome. Eunice and Steves quick atonement after their fight alike underscores the notion that Stella and Stanleys violent love is the norm in these parts. homogeneous the sexual attachment between Stella and Stanley, Eunice and Steves sexual attachment appears far healthier than Blanches, and Blanches expectations for love begin to appear un sureistic. As a dramatic device, the scene with the newspaper boy prepares us to puddle away the truth about the circumstances surrounding Blanches departure from Mississippi.She is one of the epic fornicators of her clan, the last in a line of aristocrats who secretly indulged in forbidden acts because they could not find a stable emergence for their desires. When a bumbling Mitch arrives at the apartment for his date with Blanche, he quickly becomes an antidote to Blanches strong car nal desires. As the identity Blanche has constructed for herself begins to disintegrate, she begins to lose ground in her battle over against Stanley. Stanleys doubting of Blanche about her acquaintanceship with Shaw is the plays beginning(a) direct mention of Blanches blemished past.Blanche does a inadequate job of pretending not to know Shaw. Her claim that she needs to avoid revealing her past to Mitch nurture supports our suspicions about her truthfulness. Up to this point, Blanches jitteriness and her need to obnubilate herself from the outside world have suggested that she also had a past to hide. Now, the emerging facts of Blanches past begin to confirm the hypocrisy of her social snobbery. opponent Backgrounds When Stanley mentions the Flamingo Hotel, Blanche replies that she would never be seen in it. That sort of establishment is as well common, low, and base for a girl of her upbringing.She thinks herself too proper to associate with it. Opposing Backgrounds Blanche admits to pretending to give the picture show of wealth. She tells Stella that she wants Mitch to want her. He thinks that she is proper and refined. She gives the impression that she is, secretly knowing that she is not. She needs to believe that she is in order to keep up her facade. Sexuality Stanley leaves the home without kissing Stella on purpose. This lack of sexual contact il luxuriarates the power he has over her. By withdrawing his kisses, he is withdrawing himself from Stella, in turn showing her how upset he is without using violence.SexualityBlanche sees the young man collecting money for The even out Star. She is very attracted to him sexually and tells him so. She seduces him into a kiss and then forces him to leave. She knows she cannot get mixed up with a young boy when she is a grown woman. This sexual desire counts to be a weakness for Blanche. Lies/ world Stanley mentions a man and place from Blanches past and tests her honesty by asking about him. She tells him that she does not know him and would also never be seen in a hotel like the Flamingo.However, she is nervous and does know the things about which Stanley speaks, which implies that she is lying. Stanley knows the truth and so does Blanche. Lies/Honesty Blanche tells Stella that she wants to deceive Mitch into wanting her. She wants to affect soul else through a type of fantasy or lie. This lie will make Blanche feel amend about herself. Scene Five of A Streetcar Named Desire begins with a bit of fleeting optimism. Blanche DuBois is writing a letter to a affluent male acquaintance, hoping to sweet talk her way into some form of financial earnest.She reads a draft of the letter to her sister, Stella however, the women are interrupted by violent shouting upstairs. Eunice and Steve Hubbell, the neighbors who live in the apartment above, battle each other presumably over Steves infidelity. The noise escalates from loud insults to the sounds of dishes and furniture smashing aga inst the walls. Eunice runs the apartment, threatening to summon the police. Instead, she races around the corner and goes into a bar. Our brutish yet attractive antagonist, Stanley Kowalski enters the scene. Blanche tries to make small talk about astrology.When she mentions that she is a Virgo (aka virgin), Stanley laughs contemptuously. He claims to have met an old friend of hers, a man named Shaw who apply to meet her at an ill-reputed hotel in her hometown of Laurel. Blanche denies the allegation, but since the stage directions indicate her growing sense of fear, readers/audiences will sense that there big businessman be something lascivious about Blanche DuBois and her past. Then, who should return, arm in arm from the local bar Eunice and Steve. She sobs luxuriously while he is cooing love-words. Playwright Tennessee Williams once again demonstrates the abhorrent pattern of domestic help abuse followed by an worked up make-up period. Stanley leaves the apartment, expecting Stella to meet him at the Four Deuces bar. He doesnt want to kiss Stella in front of Blanche, once again showing his animosity towards Stellas sister. As soon as Stanley leaves, Blanche asks if Stella has heard any rumors from Laurel. Blanche then goes into an close to confessional monologue in which she admits that she has not been good in the last two years.BLANCHE When people are soft soft people have got to court the favor of hard ones, Stella.Have got to be seductive put on soft colors, the colors of butterfly wings, and glow make a little terminable magic just in order to pay for one nights shelter Thats why Ive been not so awfly good lately. Ive run for fortress, Stella, from under one leaky roof to another leaky roof because it was storm all storm, and I was caught in the center. (Pause. ) People founding fathert see you men dont dont even admit your existence unless they are making love to you. In the above monologue, Blanche is trying to confide something u psetting and shameful.For the past two years ( possibly longer) it seems as though Blanche has been offering her body in exchange for temporary security (very temporary, it would seem). However, Stella refuses to pay attention because Blanches words are too morbid. This exchange between them represents a significant moment Stella is now set out to detach emotionally from her sister. Blanches problems are becoming too complex and disturbing to deal with. Like Blanche who seeks security from men, Stella will soon be siding more and more with her husband in subsequent scenes. Instead of delving into her sisters emotional problems, Stella offers her a coke.Blanche accepts, hoping the drink will contain a shot of alcohol. When the coke spills over the glass, Blanche lets out a frantic scream, again revealing her fragile mental state. Blanche explains away the scream by stating that she is just nervous about her date with Mitch that evening. Blanche views the affable, soft-spoken Mitch as one of her last chances at security. Stanley calls from the street, and Stella runs to him after giving her sister a quick kiss and reassuring her that the date will go well. Blanche is alone in the apartment, listening to the sounds of the impaired lovebirds, Eunice and Steve.Then, a young man knocks at the door. He is collecting money for the local newspaper (The Evening Star in case there are trivia buffs reading this). Blanche flirts with the teen, comparing him to a young Prince out of the Arabian Nights. Then, she kisses the young man. She says, Now run along, now, quickly It would be nice to keep you, but Ive got to be good and keep my hands off children. How should readers interpret the above line? It could be viewed as something odd but in the end harmless. Or, the kiss could indicate that Blanche has made these sexual advances toward younger men before.After all, she never explains why she stopped teaching high school English. This is probably not her first offe nse, foster indicating her mental instability. After the teen leaves, her date arrives. Mitch brings flowers and Blanche gaily accepts them, thus ending Scene Five of A Streetcar Named Desire. Motifs, Themes Connotations Conflict ? It is suggested that Eunice is having trouble with Steve, shown through the stage directions Eunices voice shouts in terrible vexation indicating her rage and anger towards her husband Steve, claiming him to have been unfaithful to her. We find Blanche in conflict with Stanley as he questions her about her acquaintance with Shaw. This is important as it reveals that Stanley is the first person to actually see through Blanches facade. The stage directions Her face expresses a faint shock. reveal the unsettling effect that this has had on her. ? Although not a strong-arm conflict, the difference between the opposing backgrounds of Blanche and Mitch are made obvious when she says Look whos coming Mr. Rosenkavalier shank to me first Now present them T his clearly shows a difference in status between the two different people.Mitch, comes from a working class background whereas Blanche comes from a well educated family. The different levels of the characters at the point of bowing indicate this hierarchy of status? The conflict between Eunice and Steve is also reflected through this scene, beginning with a fight and ending with their eventual reconciliation. This relationship reveals key points about the society, as it seems to be same to that of Stella and Stanleys relationship, where they fight in a loud and possibly violent manner, yet soon seem to return back to normal as Eunice shrieks with laughter and runs down the steps.Steve bounds after her with goat-like screeches and chases her around the corner. (p. 172) Furthermore, Stellas calm response to this argument she and Steve had a row shows that this type of situation is quite normal as and even though it seems quite dramatic as Eunice threatens to call the police, the oth er characters do not interfere and are not concerned or alarmed. This argument also reflects the extremely intense modus vivendi in this society, thus render the kinds of vibrant, raw and animalistic relationships common in this society.The different reactions towards this argument by Blanche and Stella notwithstanding reflect their characters, as Blanche seems excited by the situation as she says brightly did he eradicate her? , in contrast to Stellas understatement, revealing how she has accepted and is used to this society. Loneliness and the need for Protection? Blanche writes garner to Shep, her high school sweetheart, in which she embellishes facts about herself in order to create a respectable facade to present to him.There is also a sense in which she is trying to make this illusion real for herself ? Blanche briefly reveals her misdeeds from her last two years or so, after Belle Reve had started to slip away from her. She says I never was hard or self-sufficient enough and here we being to learn of Blanches experiences and sullied reputation, although the pathos created does go off sympathy for her as we see her (or at least she paints herself) as the victim of a barbaric, harsh and unaffectionate world.Although sex is not explicitly mentioned, it is implicitly suggested through her long speech to Stella announcing her reasons for her actions Ive run for shield, It isnt enough to be soft ? Blanches desires to have Mitch are expressed although it seems that she desires him more for the protection that he can offer her from the harsh world than out of true love. This is implied in Blanches inconsiderate I want to rest I want to breathe quietly again Yes I want Mitch very badly Just think If it happensI can leave here and not be anyones problem the use of if suggests a kind of desperation as if she is clinging to a fragile hope. ? On pg. 169 Williams evokes sympathy for Blanche by portraying her as weak and assailable Ive run for protection , Stella, from under one leaky roof to anotherPeople dont see you men dont-dont even admit your existence unless they are making love to you. And youve got to have your existence admitted by someone This not lone(prenominal) evokes sympathy for Blanche but also represents womens dependence on men in the play and the society of the time.Blanche further shows that this dependence is not only for financial security but further for happiness and indeed life itself. Fantasys Inability to Overcome Reality .(pg. 165) Blanche Darling Shep. I am spending the summer on the wing, making flying visits here and there. And who know, perhaps I shall take a sudden notion to swoop down on Dallas When Blanche is writing her letter to Shep she finds herself telling lies about what she has been up to the past few months. Most of my sisters friends go north in the summer but some have homes on the Gulf and there has been a continued round of entertainments, teas, cocktails, and luncheons As the audi ence we oscillate between finding Blanches lies pathetic, after all she is attempting to seduce this Texas oil millionaire into aid her, and feeling sympathy for her as she is unable or unwilling to admit that she can no longer take part in the indulgences of the smashed, such as spending summer on the wing. Obviously, looking at her surroundings and her dependence on Stella and Stanley she will be doing no such thing.Beyond this tension in Blanches character we can see that Shep is another male figure in the play that Blanche is good-hearted to. Thus, there is the reoccurrence of the idea of female dependence on men for financial (and other) security. Stanley attempts to unsettle Blanches by asking about a man named Shaw, indicating that he knows about her shady past and that the illusion of training which she has surrounded herself with will soon be challenged by the ugly truths that Stanley has learnt from his contacts.In response, and with a touch of desperation, Blanche te lls Stanley that he has been told lies and that she would never be seen in a hotel like The Flamingo however, her nervous air implies that she is lying. Stanley knows the truth and so does Blanche. Stanley seems to the first character of the play to see through Blanches show as he slowly acquires entropy about Blanches past from Shaw. ? Blanches Of course he he doesnt know I mean I havent informed him of my real age implies that Blanche is sensitive about her appearance.She feels her appearance/beauty is the only thing going for her as she constantly needs reassurance that she maintains a particular young appearance. ? I want to deceive him enough to make him want me Although her manipulation of Mitch is selfish, there is pathos in Blanches implicit admission that she does not believe herself truly worthy of someone to love her. ? (pg. 169) the intervention between Blanche and Stella is important relating to this theme, as Blanche suddenly defends herself through her long sp eech. Men dont dont even admit your existence unless they are making love to you. And youve got to have your existence admitted by someone, here Blanche reveals her emotional need to be recognized and we feel sympathy towards her as women seem to merely be a tool used by men for pleasure, a tool which only exists if a man recognizes them. passim this speech by Blanche we see her at her most honest and vulnerable this tragic manner creates sympathy for her and reflects her loneliness and ultimate need for constant comfort from men.Blanche believes that you have to put a paper lantern over the light revealing the idea of pleasant dreams verses reality, as she is covering the light / the truth and reveling her inability to face the truth. Furthermore, throughout this speech she reveals that she is fading and that she is putting up appearances, one again revealing Blanche as an honest character who knows her that she uses her looks for seduction but who is now, again tragically, awa re that this power of hers is fading. term we are aware that Blanche did use her sexuality for comfort and that she continues to live this pleasant dream and create temporary magic. the volume of the audience probably do sympathise with Blanches idea of trying to bring magic to the ugly reality and this reveals how Williams possibly appreciates her motives for lying as she is attempting to make the world a better place. The presence of paper particularly at the start of this scene is also related to the theme of inability of pleasant illusions to overcome the ugly reality. The letter that Blanche is writing at the start reflects how paper is used to hide reality and lie. It is similar to the legal documents present at the start of the play concerning Belle Reve, while the legal documents elaborate the sale of the Belle Reve estate are true they reveal that Blanches pretentions and aristocratic grandeur are all unfounded.Therefore the presence of paper here suggests the deteriora tion of the upper class since Blanche only appears to be wealthy on paper, thus depicting the decay of the ideals of the upper class and the possible decay of Romance. ? Finally, Blanches animal(prenominal) attraction towards the young man enhances the idea of a pleasant dream and temporary magic as she describes him as a Prince out of the Arabian Nights which is representative of her constant attempt to Romanticize things by depicting them as more attractive than they really are.This dressing up of events and attempts to romanticize them, contrasts to Stella and Stanleys relationship, which is blunt but pure. The Destructive Nature of Desire/ Sexuality/ Lust ? Blanche seems to be leading Shep on in her letter as she flirts with the idea of swooping down to Dallas to see him, thus emphasizing her lustful and flirtatious nature with men. The idea of swooping here seems almost predatory. ?Blanches flirtatious and lustful actions towards the young newspaper man slowly begin to reveal her true sexual desires.This possibility reveals that Blanches conservative and proper faced covers a lustful nature ironically, it is Stellas sexual relationship with Stanley that Blanche condemns however we learn at this point that she is just the same, perhaps worse than her younger sister and that she is hiding the truth of her past. Here we again see Blanche in the constituent of wicked temptress and the line Ive got to keep my hands off young boys foreshadows Stanleys later revelations about the reasons for Blanches dismissal from the school in Laurel.Blanches attraction to her husband broke her heart, her attraction to other men (especially the soldiers near Belle Reve) destroyed her reputation in Laurel, her attraction to the schoolboy ended her career there and her final partial attraction to Stanley (and in particular) his attraction to her will be what eventually steals her sanity. Beyond this, this incident in the play goes to show the audience that Stella uses younger man as a means to fix her own self-esteem and comfort herself as her looks have begun to fade.The scene ends with Mitchs arrival and Blanche says look whos coming Bow to me first Now present them. The contrast between this behaviour and her obvious lust for the newspaper boy emphasises Blanches deceitful nature and the sympathy we feel for Mitch. ? Although Blanche admits that she want(s) Mitchvery badly (p. 171) it would be a mistake to interpret this as a sign of passion, it is a more a thirst for protection and shelter. Colour Stanley comes around the corner in his green and scarlet silk bowling shirt the detestable appearance of his shirt colour suggests his gaudy and low status but at the same time its bright vibrancy suggests life, energy and vitality in contrast to the exhausted and washed out innocence of Blanche ? Blanche Right on my pretty white skirt The connotations of the colour white suggest purity. However, in this case, we as the audience know that Blanche is not so pure and therefore find this ironic.The fact that her skirt is ultimately unstained merely suggests her ability to hide her past reputation, her lies and her crapulence problems. Alcohol/Smoking ? Stanley Naw. Shes getting a drink. This suggests that the majority of the characters turn to alcohol when times fail with their relationships. This is further emphasized with Blanches drinking and later Stanleys drinking after getting into an argument with Blanche. Alcohol represents a means of lack for nearly all the characters in the play.In Eunices case it is from domestic abuse. This type of escape is evokely accepted when Stella says it is more practical than the police. In the case of Blanche her need to drink further shows her need to escape from her situation and reality in general, having just been questioned by Stanley. ? Blanche Why, you precious thing, you Is it just coke? In this case, it is suggested that Blanche had anterior alcoholic problems as she fail s to have a drink without having a shot in her soda. Characters Blanche DuboisVisits her younger sister, Stella, and her husband, Stanley, in New Orleans and stays with them throughout the summer. She is initially seen as a conservative, proper and condescending however, she drinks, smokes and tells lies to those around her. Stella loves her sister, though Stanley dislikes her, possibly because of the challenge she poses to his control of the house and the different value system she represents, which is at odds with his own. Blanche is overly concerned with her appearance, accessories and age and therefore doesnt want to be seen in direct light.She has a romance with Mitch in this scene and once again the audience sees the precarious state Blanche is in. She fails to have a full grasp of reality and her surroundings. Beyond this, she is unable to admit her actions in the past as shown by her denials to Stanley in the scene. Furthermore, she has strong sexual urges as shown by the e ncounter with the newspaper boy, but she puts on the airs of a woman who has never known indignity. From this scene above all else we find that Blanche avoids reality, preferring to live in her own imagination reaching into this escape again through drink.Stella Kowalski She is Blanches younger sister and the wife of Stanleys, she go to New Orleans from Mississippi when she was young and fell in love with Stanley. As the audience, we learn she is with child(predicate) and is eventually torn between her love for her husband and devotion to her sister. Stella continues to be the gullible foil to the other two characters as she represents the majority of us torn between the competing values represented by Blanche (the comely dreams / lies of aristocratic gentility) and Stanley (the vibrant, thrusting competitive nature of modern Capitalist America.Throughout this scene Stella is further contrasted with Blanche as Blanche constantly attempts to dress events up, however Stella seems t o accept the society she has chosen to live in, for instance as when the row between Eunice and Steve is occurring she does not interfere or seem disturbed or exited by the situation, unlike Blanche. Stanley Kowalski Stellas husband, he is strong and good looking. He works in a factory and has had a confine education. He has trouble controlling his rage. However, he is street smart and he is the first one to see through Blanches superficial appearance.He bowls, drinks and is in love with Stella. Stanleys insistence on questioning Blanche about a man named Shaw and The Hotel Flamingo shows that he has a personal vendetta to discredit and do away with Blanche. Further Stanley is depicted as a shrewd individual. Although Blanche attempts to subtly insult his lower class position, by brushing off her statements then raising questions as to Blanches somewhat murky past Stanley asserts his spot and undermines Blanches remarks. Mitch Mitch is a friend of Stanleys from the factory who in this scene develops a romance with Blanche.For the majority of the play he is the object of sympathy as the audience see him beguiled and manipulated by Blanche. The end of this scene demonstrates how he is clearly being used to undermine Blanches character in our look as she takes advantage of his good natured gentility. Shep Huntleigh Although unseen throughout the play, Blanche is constantly mentioning him. He is now a Texas millionaire who Blanche used to date in college. Blanche believes that he will save her from the New Orleans trap that she currently lives in.In a sense he represents the dream world that Blanche wants to live and the fact that the audience is aware of the implausibility of him coming to rescue Blanche reveals how we are also aware that Blanches dreams of safety and happiness are unachievable. Shaw A friend of Stanleys who also remains unseen throughout the play. He knows of Blanches past and reputation, and tells Stanley much of the information he knows tha t he uses against her. In contrast to Shep, Shaw represents the intrusion of unwelcome realities / truths into Blanches life.In the end he (along with Stanley and Kiefaber) are the ones who tie a tin can to the tail of the kite of Blanches dreams. mental imagery Setting Scene 5 of A Streetcar Named Desire is mainly set in the Kowalski household. Throughout this scene, we find that Blanche and Stella can hear Eunice and Steve arguing from their apartment above, emphasizing the idea that even the walls seem to be permeable, suggesting lack of privacy, safety, refuge and escape, the very things that Blanche is so desperately in need of.Relation of Part to wholly This scene is important as we slowly begin to learn of Blanches past through the banter with Stanley and her lustful actions towards the young newspaper man. Furthermore, the fight between Steve and Eunice and their reconciliation represents another example of the numerous instances of domestic abuse followed by forgiveness that we find throughout the play. This reveals the reliance of the women on men as they return despite the abuse.This is accentuated when Blanches desire for Mitch is revealed, when she says I guess I am just feeling nervous about our relations men lose interest quickly suggesting that she is afraid to lose him as she feels he is her escape from New Orleans and Mississippi. Furthermore, Blanches desire for Mitch also reflects her ultimate need for comfort and to have her existence admitted by someone. Though we feel deeply sympathetic towards Blanche in this scene as she seems to reveal and honest side of herself (p. 69 speech) and further conveys her ideal of creating a better impression of reality through her self created temporary magic, this pathos is ultimately undermined due to manipulative nature. Finally, this scene additionally develops further the motif of drunkenness as both Eunice and Blanche turn to alcohol as means of escaping from pitiable situations. Analysis The quarrel between Eunice and Steve reveals a relationship similar to that between Stanley and Stella. Sexual passion is strong, and there are frequent violent outbursts from the man. But they are quickly over and the couple makes up.Both couples seem happy with this uninhibited state of affairs there is a raw animal vigor about it that satisfies the man and seems to arouse admiration in the woman. It is a kind of sensual paradise for them. Not for zip is the area in which they live called the Elysian Fields. The Elysian Fields were the happy land in Greek mythology in which those who have found favor with the gods lived forever. This is in complete contrast to Blanches fragility and neuroticism. to each one scene reveals more of the real woman behind the facade that she tries so hard to keep up.Her letter to Shep, for example, reveals her as an accomplished liar, although one senses that it is only desperation that drives her to such lengths. The audience is likely to sympathize wi th her because she has immense self-awareness about what is happening to her. She reveals this in her confessions to Stella in this scene. She is a highly sensitive, soft woman, ill-suited to survive in a harsh world. If she is not to be destroyed, she must somehow shield herself from reality and keep the illusion going, both for herself and others. It is not an easy task.Blanches deceptions begin to crumble in this scene, as Stanley reveals his investigations into her background. He comes close to an outright accusation, but chooses to instead make sure that Blanche knows that he knows, and to let her sweat while wondering exactly how much he has been told. Blanches shadowy past has been foreshadowed since early in the play, but now we begin to see the truth about her background. Blanche is the last member of that long line of aristocrats with epic fornications that led so disastrously to the familys downfall.Stella escape both the responsibility for the familys estate and the bur den of its common sin, while Blanche is truly one of the family. Blanche expresses to Stella her anxiety about her reputation she does not want to confess, but wants to find out what Stella already knows. And, tellingly, rather than apologizing she rationalizes her behavior. In a moment of self-awareness of seeing realistically rather than romantically she admits that she is a soft person, not hard or self-sufficient, but with her waning attractiveness she doesnt know how much longer she can sustain the illusion.Or, in her interesting choice of words, how much longer she can turn the trick. This choice of idiom implies that Blanche is prostituting herself not literally, most likely, but rather that she is using her body and her charms to buy stability and comfort and association in a cruel world, and she is aware that this is a commodity with its expiration date fast approaching. But this moment of poetic limpidity is followed by a moment of imbalance, as Blanche shows uncomfor tably strong emotion for her sister and then cries out as her drink spills.Stella sees for the first time that her sister is perhaps not quite mentally stable, as her emotions ride far out of sync with the content of the exchange. The heightened unreality that will characterize the tone of the stake half of the play first begins to show here. Although we do not yet hear the Varsouviana or see the shadows on the wall, the cracked inside of Blanches mind is beginning to show from her behavior on stage. Blanche blames her nerves on worry about her relationship with Mitch, making clear her intention to win his hand, to turn one last trick with her faded propriety and buy herself ome permanent stability. Her affection for Mitch is real, but her concerns for her personal welfare and security are more real, and they drive her to manipulate Mitch into behaving as she desires. Her intentions are undermined in the last part of the scene, before Mitch arrives, when we see a glimpse of just wh at it means when Blanche says she wasnt so good the last two years or so. Culture looks more kindly on female nymphomaniacs than male Blanche does not appear to be a predator as she flirts with the paperboy, so much as sad and pathetic.She is drawn to children, children who are absolved and gay as she imagines herself to be. Trapped emotionally in a fictional past was her childhood so innocent with the epic fornications of her family, or her youthful love so pure with her degenerate husband? she grasps at the straws of youth that she sees in the paperboy and countless other youths before him. Analysis Note that as soon as Blanche says that she was born under the sign of the virgin, Stanley chooses this moment to ask her about the man named Shaw. Blanche becomes visibly agitated during the cross-examination.At the end, when Stanley leaves, she is trembling and in need of a drink. This, then, is Blanches past life beginning to close in upon her. This is also the beginning of Stan leys plan to destroy Blanche, and she feels herself being trapped. Thus in this encounter between Blanche and Stanley, Blanche is seeing her own valued world disintegrate under the force of Stanleys attack. This scene also illustrates Williams fondness for the use of symbols. The astrological signs, the spilled coke on Blanches white dress, and the cherry soda that the young man mentions are all used as slightly suggestive symbols.At this point in the drama, the scene with the young boy capacity seem puzzlingly out of place. It is not until later that we learn Blanche had once married a young boy and had been terribly cruel to him when he most needed her. Therefore, her sexual promiscuity returns to her guilt feelings over her tribulation to help her young husband. She seeks to relive the past and longs for a young lover to replace the young husband who shot himself. In other words, since she once denied help to her young husband, she now tries to compensate by giving herself to a lmost anyone.

Feminism in Jane Eyre

Jane Eyre was written in a time where the Bildungsroman was a common form of literature. The importance was that the mid-nineteenth atomic number 6 was, the age in which women were, for the first time, ranked equally with men as spell outrs within a major(ip) genre (Sussman 1). In many of these reinvigorateds, the themes were the same the protagonist dealt with the same issues, search for autonomy and selfhood in resistance to the social constraints placed upon the female, including the demand for matrimony (Sussman).Jane Eyre fits this mould perfectly. Throughout the novel, the reader follows Jane Eyre on a move around of development from adolescence to maturity date to show that a desire for freedom and change motivates people to search for their stimulate identity. Jane begins to form her identity with the aid of many grammatical cases she encounters at Lowood, Thornfield, and Marsh End. dangle Maria synagogue, who was Janes first earthshaking female encounter at Lowoo d, functions as a purpose model and an influence for Jane.Miss Temples eccentric displays the breakd testify of the Great Chain of Being, but in a much gentle path than Rochester or Jane herself. She defies Mr. Brocklehurst and his hypocritical ways only as far as she break out still retain protect and her place as a teacher. To Jane, Miss Temple embodies all of the qualities that a woman should. Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar write, Miss Temple, for instance, with her marble pallor, is a shrine of ladylike virtues magnanimity, cultivation, courtesy and repression (Gilbert 344).While Miss Temple seems to show Jane what she should become, she too introduces her to control over her emotions. Unlike Jane, whose self-assertiveness permits her to give in to passionate confrontations, Miss Temple would never allow something to speak through with(predicate) her, no wings lead rush in her head, no fantasies of igneous heath disturb her equanimity, but she pass on feel sympathet ic anger (Gilbert 345). Her influence in Janes adolescence and early(a) adulthood teach her to have harmonious thoughts, and to give allegiance to duty and rescript (Gilbert 347).Here, Miss Temple teaches Jane to suppress her wild emotions and become compliant under the superior male, but still maintain an innermost anger that can never be expressed. Jane, however, can non conform to the lesson organism taught to her through Miss Temple, she learns that her locomote into maturity and freedom requires her to be more independent and passionate than Miss Temple instructs. Miss Temple is non only like a mformer(a) figure to Jane, but she is also encouraging of intellectual maturement (Rich 466).Temples impact on Janes education allows her to become stronger in character, which result eventually bring her to complete independence. Kathleen Tillotson finds in Miss Temple a sign of hope for Jane the warm fire and the cake from the cupboard in Miss Temples room argon assertions of in dividual loving-kindness, though also of its limited power (Tillotson 60) In appall of this, Tillotson writes that Jane at Thornfield is submitting to virtue in lovable form, as she had once submitted to Miss Temple (Tillotson 60).In other words, Tillotson argues that although Miss Temple may have imperiously chargedly influenced Jane in certain ways, eventually her call for repression and compliancy instigates Janes realization that she must discover her own place in aliveness, and no one can tell it for her. While Jane attends Lowood, she encounters another character that will help her to shape her identity. When Helen Burns is introduced to the novel, she brings with her a kind of rage and spiritual light that touches Jane and Helen aids her in developing into the woman that she will soon become.She has a darling faith in Christ, and using this, Helen is able to function as Janes main guide in grammatical construction a strong character who is filled with forgiveness, hope and a strong sense of self. Helen allows Jane to peer into a world where the values of endurance and obedience (Singleton, 70) are visible. Jane often relies on Helen because she is strong of will, awkward and blundering in the practical world yet intellectually and spiritually mature beyond her years . . . ithout pettiness, hysteria, or self-repudiation (Rich 466).These qualities will help Helen in leading Jane down a path that will indefinitely make her strike amongst those who surround her. A sympathetic Helen Burns is seen lavishing emotions upon Jane that she has never felt before, let alone imagined. Helen assists Jane by being a mentor and a friend, a companion that Jane can confide in. Helen and Miss Temple in concert represent two key facets of the feminist community the need for companionship and mentors.These necessities are what the Reeds denied Jane (Singleton 66). By wake Jane whop and encouragement she teaches Jane that primary importance is taming her rage an d learning to forgive . . . that this is the model that Christ has found forth in the New Testament to love ones enemies (Singleton 73). As Helen encourages Jane to strive to be her best, she acts a chaste and ethical force (Rich 467), she provides Jane with a sense of her own worth and of ethical choice (Rich 467).Bronte introduces Helen Buns into the novel to aid Jane and to be a guiding light in the ethical and moral world by showing Helen to be a character who is strong and neat to herself, even until the end of her life by using Helen as an example, when Jane leaves Lowood, she finds herself and she is ready to face to world with her head held high, face shining in the light. other representation of religion, and also a strong male influence in Janes life is that of St. derriere Rivers. The character of St. John is one of the final obstacles to Janes maturation and understanding of her role as an independent and free woman.St. John represents, like the character of Brockl ehurst before him, the hypocrisy and unwavering patriarchy of organized religion and its many hypocritical keepers, but unlike Brocklehurst, St. Johns piety is more real and his misogyny somewhat more subtle, and, following his proposal, Jane comes to a better understanding of who she is and where her life is headed. St. John asks for Janes hand in marriage, but not out of love rather, he intends Jane to be a missionary wife, someone who will be of use to him in the inspection and repair of God.According to Adrienne Rich, there is a certain virtue in this kind of offer, especially for Jane What St. John offers Jane is mayhap the deepest lure for a spiritual woman, that of adopting a mans cause or career and making it her own (Rich 473). In this proposed marriage, there is the attraction of some of the things she has been searching for, namely a life of service and principle, and a way of overcoming the obstacles of patriarchy she has struggled with her entire life, by adopting a li fe in service to male cause.Therein lies a part of the problem, however, as service and principle are only part of what she desires in life, and, as she ultimately discovers, even beyond the attraction of taking on a more male role, that this will not fulfill her need for a life that is more complete. In the essay by Gilbert and Gubar, they explain, In fact, as St. Johns wife she will be entering into a compact even more unbalanced than that proposed by Rochester, a marriage reflecting, once again, her absolute exclusion from the life of wholeness toward which her transit has been tell (Gilbert 366). With St.Johns proposal of marriage, Jane begins to comprehend more about herself and where her life is headed. She discovers that she cannot devote her energy and ambition towards fulfilling just a part of her life, such as the desire for service, but rather, she discovers that her life needs to be a life of wholeness, something that a marriage to St. John could never provide, beca use St. John, like Brocklehurst, is a pillar of patriarchy (Gilbert 366), a woman hater who is bent, consciously or unconsciously, on restraining Jane spiritually and emotionally.Rich points out in her essay that St.Johns offer of marriage is a means in which he will use her (Rich 473), and fortunately, Jane sees through the superficial benefits of a union with the patriarchal St. John, and that her for her to be content, she needs a life of wholeness. Armed with these realizations, Jane is now able to return to her true love, Rochester, on her own terms. The character of Mr. Edward Rochester influences the spiritual and personal growth of Jane through his relationship with her as the get the best at Thornfield and later, as her husband. His self-proclamation as being equal to Jane shows the breakdown of the Great Chain of Being.Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar write that while in one sense Jane and Rochester begin their relationship as master and servant, prince and Cinderella, Mr. B and Pamela, in another they begin as spiritual equals (Gilbert 352). In his allowance of Jane to be his equal, he encourages her progression to a strong sense of her own identity and independence. In a more sexual light, Rochester is the one who will eventually awaken Jane to her own sexuality. This occasion exhibits Janes journey into adult maturation it is he who will lead off her into the mysteries of the flesh (Gilbert 355).Adrienne Rich states that the episodes at Thornfield encompass three defining aspects the house, Rochester, and Bertha. Rich writes, Jane comes to womanhood and to certain definitive choices about what it means to be a woman (Rich 468). In other words, during her stay at Thornfield and repayable to her interactions with its inhabitants, namely Rochester, Jane realizes what being a woman suggests. The break down of the Great Chain of Being is shown through Rochester even further, when Jane finds that he is married to another woman.As she leaves him because of her strength and of her own free will, Janes independence is reinforced. dilettante Elaine Baruch contrasts this action to Romanticism, and states, Unlike the lady of the chivalric romance who had merely to sit still in order to find a destiny in the form of some passing knight, modern woman must seek her own hero (Baruch 157). Here, Baruch is commenting on how Rochesters dark and haunting past results in a positive outcome for Jane, in that it strengthens her independence and desire for freedom and identity.Instead of deliberately wasting time delay for destiny to find her, Jane seeks out the right destiny for herself. The various characters in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre provide the heroine with both role models and obstacles to her maturation into adulthood, and more importantly, womanhood. Janes experiences with these characters, and what she takes from each, show the importance of determining for oneself his or her own morals, ethics, goals, and by not allowing others to bring down how one lives his or her life, love, wealth, and ultimately bliss can be achieved.All people have their own unique set of traits, from their morality to their spirituality, their speech, and their faults. To be a person who is happy and truly successful on spiritual, emotional, and physical levels, one must draw from the good and decent people he or she meets that which will be ultimately beneficent for example, emulating and learning from the spirituality of a person who is truly and passionately spiritual.Unfortunately, not all the people a person meets in his or her life will have qualities which a person will want to emulate in a way, these people become obstacles to a persons pilgrimage towards self-understanding and happiness. These people, the barriers to a persons self-development, are just as important as the people who function as positive role models. Those who are consciously or unconsciously determined to stop those on the path to happiness and self-discove ry can be destructive, but they can also be unintentionally helpful.All too often, these figures are successful in severance other another persons will and forcing their principles upon him, but when people like this, the hypocrites, the self-righteous, the misogynists, the chesty aristocrats, and the like, fail, that previously oppressed person becomes significantly stronger by overcoming these barriers. Ultimately, nearly everyone has a life-long struggle with self-identity, and nearly everyone has encountered these authoritative people in his life, the role models and the obstacles.Unfortunately many become victims to the authority of those people who would force their will upon others, and ultimately, most people never complete their journey to independence all too often they give up, and allow themselves to bent to the will of others. It is evident that this pilgrimage is a long and arduous one, a journey that few complete, and the author suggests that on top of the inherent difficulty of this journey, women have an even greater dispute before them.Because of the insidious and ubiquitous influence of patriarchy in the authors society, the journey towards independence and self-understanding becomes significantly more difficult for women it is a truly joyous occasion when a woman does succeed in breaking free from the chains of male dominated society, becoming independent, self-aware, and, hopefully, happy.

Annonated Bibliography Composition Ii

Lindsay Shipman Annotated Bibliography Composition 122S Richards, Sara. The building blocks of a profound diet. consecrate Nurse 38. 3 (2009) 12-17. academician Search fComplete. EBSCO. Web. 14 Aug. 2011. This member explains which viandss to eat and which foods we should stay away from or eat in moderation. This obligate reminds that the tender body is complex and its important to eat a healthy diet. The source goes into great event about the complexity of food and the effects they nominate on the human body. It builds a foundation of bedledge for achieving and maintaining a balanced-healthy diet.It gives great detail about macronutrients and the effects they have on your body. The clear descriptions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and water give a the reader a great understanding of what is total for the body and what is bad for the body. The authors purpose is to prepare a nutrition road map for a healthy diet. Although it is create verbally more than for nurses or dieticians it is a good guideline that everyone can follow to create a healthy diet for themselves. It was written in 2009 so it is still an excellent guide to follow today. This main author of this article is a practicing nurse with RGN credentials.She uses many well- chicanen and reliable health organizations as sources for this article. This article gives us the answer to which foods and how much should we eat for a healthy balanced diet. Although it goes into a little more detail than the average person may need to decide which foods are best for you, it gives you a clear guideline for choosing the right foods. For instance, I plan to incorporate more whole grains, vegetables and fruit into my diet and reduce the foods with fauna fats, processed foods and refined foods. Keeping ingredients in proportion. (Coer story). Harvard Womens Health Watch 15. (2007) 1-3. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 15 Aug. 2011. This article gives very precise mesmerisms for changing the amo unt of food one consumes. It has a nice graph expound exactly how big a fortune should for every food group in the food pyramid. The chart uses everyday items for comparison so everyone can envision the correct sizing. The authors suggest training your eye for serving size of its so when you are eating out portions do not get out of control. Another suggestion is while eating out divide the portion in half when it is served and take half of it business firm to eat at another meal.The article brings to our attention that portion sizes have increase 100% over the years. For example fountain drinks used to be 7 ounces but now can be up to 42 ounces. Eating filling foods such as whole foods that leave keep you feeling plentiful longer will cut waste on snacking between meals. The purpose of this article is to remind the human race how much a serving of food really is and just because a huge headquarters of food is set in front of you, you do not have to eat it all in one sitting. It clearly places the blame for overeating on the individual.The article was really written for the general consultation even though the title suggests it is written about womens health. The authors included sources from the American Health standoff and the USDA. It was written by affiliates of Harvard Medical School which is an accredited institute whom I believe thoroughly barricade out articles they publish. Harvard was established in 1636 and since then they have been educating our medical professionals. The article included survey results from a variety of Universities concluding that people ate more based on the amount they were served.Other resources used for this article include the United States Dept. of Agriculture and Centers for Disease Control, both are highly respected agencies. I will use this information in my research paper by knowing the correct serving size for foods, especially my favorites that are high in calories. It will help to know what a serving size views like and applying a few of the other suggestions for portion control. I like the following ideas Using smaller dishes while eating at home fix your plate then sit down and do not go back for seconds. The First Line of Defense Portion Control. Running & FitNews 28. 2 (2010) 6-8. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 15 Aug. 2011. This article reminds us that more does not mean better when it comes to mealtime. We all know to lose charge we have to consume fewer calories and move more. According to this article it is harder today than it was cardinal years ago because portions of food offered to us are much larger than they were then. Being able to see to it a recommended serving size is your first line of defense in controlling your calorie aspiration.There is a chart included in this article which relates serving sizes to everyday objects. The author reminds us that caloric intake is not one size fits all. An sprightly man may require 2200 calories a day and an alert w oman may only require 1800 calories per day. The purpose of this article is to help the average person go steady and realize a recommended serving size set forth by the USDA Center for regimen Policy and Promotion. The article brings out a few common mistakes people organise when sitting down to a meal and gives us a clear idea of what a well-proportioned meal should look like.It tells us that making small changes in the amount we eat can lead to significant weight loss over time. The article is written by staff members of Running and FitNews. The Running and FitNews editorial come along is made up of many medical professionals. There are mainly M. D. s on card but also a scattering of PH. Ds. Knowing so many medical professionals pay off the board for this publication makes it reliable in my opinion. The information in this article will help me visualize and strive toward correct portion size in the future.It will help to know that your size, age and how active you are deter mines your caloric intake per day. I had no idea a recommended serving size of pasta is one half cup or as the chart displays, half of a baseball. This is good to know since the average person tends to steadily gain weight as we age. Young, Lisa. The Portion Teller Smartsize Your Way to permanent wave Weight Loss. Random House, 2005. Barnes and Noble Online. 13 Aug 2011. http//my. barnesandnoble. com/ebooks/ebookslibrary. html This book starts out telling us that our national weight problem can be attributed to how much we eat not what we eat.The serving sizes have handsome by leaps and bounds since the 1960s. The author conducted her own research providing many charts throughout the book stating many portion shockers and comparisons of sizes Chart portion shockers stadium size went from 82k 1920 remodeled to 49k top selling women sz 8 to 14 in 20 yrs, queen sz bed 6 in lg than in 1970. Bus seats are 18 in up an inch fr 1997. Europe serv sz smaller than us. By reviewing the chart s clearly americans r being served double as much as before . 5 c of spag = 32 strands 302 strand = 2lbs Given more we eat more 000-2600 calores a day Sedentary women and young child shld eat less dynamical men and teen boys more Many experiments by experts performed. U cant tell amt of calories by facial expression at dish Down with diets they dont wk, the do not address the larger sizes of food portions or lack of understanding what a recommended portion is. Author t apiecees us to understand food groups. To make Healthy choices from each food group and to estimate portions. Charts consistently reinforce the expanding sizes of everything from drinks to desserts. Cheesecake 14 oz 1560 cals.Solo cups were 7 oz in 1950, now they sell 46 oz. Author was a mgr weight loss ctr then nutrition counselling for weight loss programs. This book teaches us standard serv sz, how many serv to eat per day fr each grp She teaches us how to learn to eat correctly not to diet by cutting out our fa vorites. She gives us an eating plan. Helps us to understand food labels and calorie and nutrient content. 6th ed. Of dietary guideline e for americans emphasizes c and oz. 2005. Usda differs fr fda serv sz, differ criteria. Fda pasta sz= 2 cups uncooked which = 1c cooked, usda . 5 c cooked pasta. Pg 33

Ethical issues in social media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical issues in social media - Essay ExampleThe touch on organization was PayPal. Cyber criminals managed to develop a fake website that aped the original PayPal website. In order to obtain clients trust to go financial details, the conmen directed people to fake website through link in an email (Shannon, 2013). In the email, they necessitate the users to log on to purported PayPal website and change their passwords only to give fraudsters critical financial details that left them penniless. For somewhat PayPal clients, financial details were used to transfer m wizy to fake recipients (Shannon, 2013).In the PayPal Incident, the client is the loser (Shannon, 2013). For instance, later reporting to the real PayPal about their incident, most clients are dismissed and PayPal calls it as the fault the client who did not identify the email as fraud. The damage was caused by lack of proper customer education on how to prevent online fraud. This could also be connected with user ignor ance as there are terms and conditions that one abides to when registering as a member in companies like PayPal (Shannon, 2013). The root cause of the problem was increased cases of phishing where criminals sucker online banks and companies for their customers in-person details. Consequently, target companies should work on educating their clients and require them to take all necessary precautions to keep personal security information secret. However, there is a requirement that with evidence of fraudster involvement, organizations are required to refund their clients (Shannon, 2013).In the case of PayPal phishing, the organization dismissed the client for relying on speculation and this made the situation worse as the client did not know who else to turn to (Coombs, 2009). The organization should have understood that the client is the boss and with such an alarm raised, there was need to understand the type of crisis the organization was facing. With a clear definition of the