Spatial Zones And Body Language - 996 Words

Spatial Zones and Body Language Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures Leah Breiss and Briana Valdez Clark University Author Note This paper was prepared for Management 170 Managerial Communication taught by Professor Cheryl Amantea during the Semester Term Fall 2016 Spatial Zones and Body Language Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures Introduction Nonverbal communication plays a central role in any conversation. Eye contact, posture, and proximity all determine how verbal communication is interpreted. In his book Managerial Communication: Strategies and Applications, Geraldine E. Hynes breaks down these aspects of nonverbal communication. Every culture has its own form of nonverbal communication that can impact the way a person from that country is understood outside of their homeland. For example, Erin Meyer, and American writer, misinterpreted her audience because they were using a form of nonverbal communication she was not familiar with. Likewise, Egypt’s nonverbal communication is very different from Australia’s, according to USA Today and (your source for Austrailia). These differences have developed in accordance to the historical backgrounds of their country. Given these differences in nonverbal communication, it can be said that communicating across cultures is complicated by the unique norm s of nonverbal communication used in different countries and cultures. Spatial Zones and Cultural Miscommunication Geraldine E. Hynes breaks down theShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding The Nature Of The Human Mind Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pages and neuroscientists but of thinkers in nearly every intellectual pursuit, from biology and mathematics to art and anthropology† (2010). The impacts occur when during the embryo phase of life development. Brain is the operational center of a human body. It impacts our way life in many ways. The brain controls every aspect of our daily lives. This includes breathing, thinking, processing, and calculating final outcomes. â€Å"Gall proposed that the brain is the seat of the mind, that the mind is composedRead MoreThe Name of the Brain Areas and Its Functions1339 Words   |  5 Pagesability to correctly express language are both controlled by the frontal lobes. The left is most predominantly language related while the right is most predominantly non-verbal. the left brain is the source of logic, which tends to be language based, and the right is creative, which tends to be non-verbal Rear part of the frontal lobe is especially designed for the movements and tissue disorganization cause of the disability of a limb. Stimulate of every part of the body and head is located in theRead More Learning Theories and Implications for Educational Technology1626 Words   |  7 Pageson by the child. (â€Å"Vygotsky and Social Cognition† n. d.) Language takes the center stage in this process, with play and imagination also playing important roles. (â€Å"Application of Vygotsky’s Theory† n.d.). A key component of Vygotsky’s theory is a concept called the zone of proximal development. Social Cognition theory holds that there is a gap between what the child can do independently and what can be done with assistance, called the zone of proximal development. (â€Å"Application of Vygotsky’s Theory†Read MoreTheories of Learning and How They Can Be Used to Inform Practice in the Classroom.2277 Words   |  10 Pagesformation of concepts. All the higher more complex functions originate as actual relationships between individuals. (Vygotsky 1978, p. 57) Vygotskys Social Development Theory rests on two main principles: the More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). The MKO refers to anyone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, with respect to a particular task, process, or concept. The MKO is normally thought of as being a teacher, tutor, orRead More Vocabulary List with Definitions1716 Words   |  7 Pages1. Buffer zone and shatter belt of geography: Southeast Asia has been a buffer zone between powerful adversaries, as it is situated on the periphery of two of the worlds largest states, India and China. It is also in the shatter belt where the stresses and pressures from within and without continues to have a fractured political adversaries. Southeast Asia has a variety of cultural diversity, containing hundreds of cultures, ethnicities, languages, religions, and economies. 2. PhysiographicRead MoreAn Analysis of, In Reification and Utopia in Mass Culture by Frederick Jameson1409 Words   |  6 Pagesto persist now. I feel that, to a significant extent, his position as academic shields him from and allows him to theorize away a counterculture that has been very much alive and struggling. Or, as Hakim Bey opens his TAZ: The Temporary Autonomous Zone, Ontological Anarchy, Poetic Terrorism, CHAOS NEVER DIED.The production or assumption of a limited period of the 60s tends to perpetuate a nostalgic distance from a period of political art, counterculture, and resistance that never really ended (orRead MoreMilestones in the Developmental Characteristics of Kindergartners1511 Words   |  7 Pageseach developmental domain, below would explain clearly the developmental characteristics for physical, cognitive, language and social emotional development for kindergarten aged children . physical developmental milestones: †¢ Hops on alternate legs †¢ jumps over small objects †¢ runs, jumps, around obstacles, †¢ throwing, catching and become more refined with flexible upper body. †¢ Can rotate twist †¢ fine and gross motor skills developing †¢ stacks 10 or more objects †¢ cuts with scissors Read MorePhysical Theatre Performance Analysation2595 Words   |  11 Pagesphysical theatre reincarnation of the philosophical poem, Inferno by Dante Alighieri , it was clear that the combinations of various dramatic languages ultimately enhanced both the mood and symbolism of this live performance. These dramatic languages include the utilisation and management of physical composition, complicità ©, space, language and movement dramatic languages to create and enhance both mood and symbol. This particular performance guided the audience through the literature to experienceRead MoreTheory Analysis1707 Words   |  7 Pagessituations Formal operational - (12- ?) able to think logical in abstract situations  · Strengths and Usefulness - Gave knowledge to mental development in children. The stages are universal and sequential, yet not conformed to specific time zones.  · Weaknesses - It has been shown that some children are more advanced cognitively than some adults. States that stages are universal and sequential but does not take into consideration of disabilities.  · Applications - Can be used in schoolsRead MoreThe Importance of Endangered Species in Our World1649 Words   |  7 Pagessensitive indication of overall endangered biodiversity within any region. The amount of land that needs to be managed to protect currently endangered and threatened species in the United States is a relatively small proportion of the land mass. BODY An  endangered species  is a population of animals which is at risk of becoming  extinct  because it is either few in numbers, or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters. The  International Union for Conservation of Nature  (IUCN) has

The Jungle By Upton Sinclair - 937 Words

The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair and Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, by Frederick Douglass both bring forth personal or fictional events that capture the interest of the the reader. The use of pathos in their writing along with true events questions the ethics, morality, and human rights of each individual at the time setting for the publication. In the book, The Jungle, Upton Sinclair advocates for the overall elimination of oppression and exploitation of workers and immigrants and the use of socialism as a solution. The book depicts, and illustrates, the events and outcome of Jurgis and his family from Lithuania coming to the America’s in hopes of a better life, from the ideology of â€Å"The American Dream†. Jurgis believes that hard work will pay off no matter the size of the problem, however him and his family realize that the America’s posses corruption, harmful working conditions, and oppression of the worker and immigrants. Sinclair uses examples to express the hardships and cruelty that lower class workers faced to allow the reader to perceive whether or not there is a need for change in the system. Frederick Douglass uses the same form of writing to bring light to the harsh and unjust experiences he endured in order to persuade and communicate why there is a need to accomplish what he is advocat ing for. In the book, by Frederick Douglass, he advocates for the abolishment of slavery and freedom for people of color to be their ownShow MoreRelatedThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair1526 Words   |  7 Pagessocietal and government reforms did â€Å"The Jungle† call for. Do you feel this novel was effective in bringing about any of these reforms. â€Å"The Jungle†, written by Upton Sinclair, is an astonishing novel informing readers about the devastating truths involving impoverished life in America, particularly Chicago. This novel gives the reader an inside look into to the struggles of numerous European immigrants as they ventured to America during the early 1900 s. Sinclair depicts the disturbing and emotionalRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair986 Words   |  4 PagesThe life of Jurgis Rudkus, from the novel The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, shares many parallels to the life of the working class in American society during the period 1865 to 1910. that limits the freedom of the working class. Even though it is stated on paper that working class citizens such as Jurgis are equals and just as free as the upper-class citizens, society limited the the freedom of the working class. People like Jurgis are not truly â€Å"free† because the social and political forces at the timeRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair 1155 Words   |  5 Pages8/10/17 The Jungle By Upton Sinclair Book Review The working conditions in the US in the 20th  century were diffcult since workers had to struggle to survive on the daily bases.The Jungle written by Upton Sinclair does not only highlight the life of American workers but also uncovers the infleunce of capitalism in the US, where workers and employees were destined to fight for a living, while the upper-class reaped the benefits of national wealth.The Jungle gives many examples of theRead MoreThe Jungle by Upton Sinclair651 Words   |  3 Pages This book is called The Jungle. The Author or this book goes by the name of Upton Sinclair. The Jungle was published on February 26, 1906. Upton Sinclair is an American author with almost 100 books which are based on many different genres. Sinclair is a journalist, novelist, as well as a political activist. Sinclair is most famous for this book. The Jungle is a novel that is based on the disgusting conditions of the US meatpacking industry, and the hardships of the labor that immigrant me n and womenRead MoreThe Jungle by Upton Sinclair1400 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the major issues Sinclair addresses in The Jungle? The Jungle by Upton Sinclair is a vivid account of life for the working class in the early 1900s. Jurgis Rudkus and his family travel to the United States in search of the American dream and an escape from the rigid social structure of Lithuania. Instead, they find a myriad of new difficulties. Sinclair attributes their problems to the downfalls of capitalism in the United States. While America’s system was idealistic for Jurgis and hisRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair1210 Words   |  5 PagesThe Jungle by written by Upton Sinclair Book Report This report is based upon the book The Jungle, written by Upton Sinclair. This book was published by The Jungle Publishing Co. New York in 1906. Introduction of Author: Upton Sinclair was born on September 20, 1878, in Baltimore, Maryland. He belonged to a family off southern aristocracy but once Sinclair was born, his family went into poverty. Sinclair was a very smart boy and graduated from high school at the age of fourteen to go on and attendRead MoreThe Jungle by Upton Sinclair 792 Words   |  3 PagesCritics often argue that Upton Sinclair, author of many classic American novels including The Jungle, was cynical and bitter even. However if one were to dig just a bit deeper they may realize that Sinclair was spot on in his idea that this â€Å"American dream† that our country sells is actually a work of fiction. In his book The Jungle, Sinclair, points out the flaws of the American dream. Many immigrants traveled thousands of miles aboard, cramped, disease infested, ships with hope of coming to thisRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair1260 Words   |  6 Pages The Jungle by Upton Sinclair was published in 1906. After reading two-hundred and ninety-four pages, it is evident that humans have been shaping the world over time and the world has been shaping us as well. A lot has changed since the industrial revolution, the time frame in which this novel takes place. Our food industries have improved, money value has risen, and job opportunities have expanded. Throughout The Jungle the reader follows an immigrant family on their journey of hardships andRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair1334 Words   |  6 Pages1900s there were already more than 10 million immigrants living in America. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle reveals the struggles and hardships of a family that immigrated to t he United States from Lithuania during the 1900s. Although many immigrant families came to America in search of a better life, soon most found themselves barely surviving with no job, food, shelter, or money. As is the case of the family in The Jungle. The novel not only unveils the corruption of the political and economic systemRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jungle â€Å"I aimed at the public s heart and by accident I hit in the stomach (Upton Sinclair).† Upton Sinclair originally intended to expose the horrible conditions faced by immigrants as they tried to survive in Chicago s Meat-Packing District in his 1904 novel â€Å"The Jungle.† Sinclair’s book created fear and anger in the public which would lead to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906. The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (FMIA)is a law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbrand

Traditionl Healers in Latin America Free Essays

Introduction Traditional healers also known as curanderismo are important part of Latin American culture, society and a way of life. Traditional healers have been a part of Latin American culture for thousands of years and even today are considered as important as the traditional health care professionals (Avila, 1999). The services of these healers are used extensively and they are well respected and admired members of the community. We will write a custom essay sample on Traditionl Healers in Latin America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not anyone can be a healer and in order to become one a special talent and extensive training is needed (Avila, 1999). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of traditional healers in Latin American culture and to discuss what economic, social and religious reasons traditional healers are still so popular in this day and age in Latin America. Who Can Be a Traditional Healer? One of the most interesting aspects of the traditional healers in Latin America is that no everyone can be one. This is a striking contrast with traditional medical professionals where calling has become something secondary and where more people than not go into the medical field not because of genuine desire to help but because it pays well. The story is completely different for the traditional healers as the next generation is carefully hand-picked based on what is called â€Å"el don† or a gift (Avila, 1999). This gift cannot be acquired or trained, a person either has it or not. Having gift is not enough though as a new apprentice has to train for a very long time under the practicing traditional healer in order to learn the mastery and the craft of healing (Trotter Chavira, 1997). Another interesting distinction between what Latin American traditional healers and regular health care professionals is the core philosophy that underlines their work. Traditional medicine focuses on symptoms and causes, while for the traditional healer the most important core of any problem is spiritual one, as the illness is the essentially an imbalance that has to be corrected (Trotter Chavira, 1997). Healers are also very in tune with nature and as it will be discussed below they rely a lot of natural remedies and so on (Avila, 1999). Spirituality and religion go hand in hand because as it was mentioned above healing powers are considered the unique gift one has received from some higher entity and thus religion plays very important role in the work of traditional healers. What Exactly Do Traditional Healers Do? Remarkably just like any health care professionals, traditional healers in Latin America also have their own specializations and areas of practice. While some have very narrow and specific areas, such are herbalists or midwives for example; others often have been trained in various specialties and can provide the â€Å"full package care† (Trotter Chavira, 1997). Regardless of the specialty every traditional healer always considers the illness as a complex manifestation of problems in physical, emotional and spiritual planes. Traditional healers use variety of means in their practices. They prepare various mixtures, lotions, potions, oils and other substances for consumptions or for external use. But the substances are only the part of the practice. There are many rituals, offerings and prayers that constitute healing practices. The rituals could be very elaborate and include other objects and things such as for example birds’ eggs, or water or fire. All these things are believed to be important components in the healing process and are more often than not part of the ritual. Healers often give their clients various amulets to protect or to heal them including bracelets, necklaces and other objects. Many herbal and plant matters are used including very common veggies, spices and fruits like papaya, potatoes, garlic, cumin, mint and others (Davidow, 1999). Finally traditional healers employ many psychological means as they are often keen observers and student of human nature (Trotter Chavira, 1997). Many healers admit that the use of rituals is done for the patients’ sake as it aids in healing process. Remarkably there is a scientific support to this notion as the â€Å"placebo effect† indicates that something with strong suggestive power can deliver desired results. Economic, Religious, and Social Explanation For the Use of Traditional Healers in Latin America There are numerous reasons why traditional healers are so widespread and commonly used in Latin America. One reason is purely economic as traditional healers are the only medical care many families could afford (Trotter Chavira, 1997). Traditional healers in general do not take any money from their clients and definitely do not take anything from very poor clients. They could accept offerings for their service but it is done on case to case basis. So for that reason the most important economic reason why healers are used is because their services are free. Another reason why healers are so popular is religious. As it was described above in order to be a healer one has to have a gift from the high spiritual power (Trotter Chavira, 1997). Healers often offer some sort of a mix of religious, spiritual and physical practices that resonate with the Latin American community that has this mix also present. Latin American culture is both spiritual and religious and this is exactly what healers do offer. The religious/spiritual aspect of healing process is something that is strikingly different from traditional medicine and this is why healers are so popular. They often use religious objects in practices and the healing process including icons, crucifixes and so on. Finally there is a social explanation for why traditional healers are so often used even today. Healers have been traditionally not just a part of community but very well respected and admired members of community. Latin American culture is well known for its strong cultural ties and strong community sense (Trotter Chavira, 1997). Hence in case of illness or any other malady the first reaction is to go to the community member, a traditional healer than to go the hospital which many could not afford anyway. Healers also offer social and spiritual support and often even counseling, thus making it even more likely for a person to seek their help. As it was discussed above, economic, religious and social reasons for using traditional healers are very strong and more often than not they operate in conjunction even further supporting each other. For example, when a person has no money, he is less likely to go to a hospital. A healer could also play into person’s religiosity and sense of community, so all this factors together make a traditional healer more popular than any local hospital. Conclusion Traditional healers have been and most likely will be in the foreseeable future a very important part of Latin American culture and way of life. Traditional healers operate within community and are important and well-respected members of the community. They are often the last resort for poor segments of population, and the complex interactions of social, religious and economic factors often make them more attractive and popular than local hospitals. Traditional healers often have specific specializations such as herbalists or midwives, but many have numerous specializations. Not anyone can be a healer as it requires a gift and extensive training. Traditional healers offer a variety of services including physical treatment, various remedies and amulets and spiritual and psychological counseling. Spirituality is important part of practice and is one component which makes healers so popular. Traditional healers’ approach differs significantly from traditional medicine approach because it is more multileveled and holistic. Healers in a sense try to address the issues on both physical and spiritual levels, while the traditional medicine often focuses on physical symptoms and definitely less on spiritual aspects of illness. Healers are of course often frown upon by the medical community and called â€Å"quack doctors† because they do not have formal training and education. Yet Latin American communities still use their services extensively and remarkably even immigrant communities like Mexicans in the US for example, still use traditional healers. Recent estimates demonstrated that as many as 75% of Latin Americans living in Texas used traditional healers in one way or the other to either completely or partially deal with their illnesses or ailments (Tafur, 2009). This trend is very unlikely to change any time soon, after all traditional healers have been a part of Latin American culture for thousands of years. References: Avila E (1999). Woman Who Glows in the Dark: A Curandera Reveals Traditional Aztec Secrets of Physical and Spiritual Health. New York: Penguin Putnam. Davidow J (1999). Infusions of Healing: A Treasury of Mexican-American Herbal Remedies. New York: Simon Schuster. Tafur, M. M. , Crowe, T. K. , Torres, E. (2009). A review of curanderismo and healing practices among Mexicans and Mexican Americans. Occupational Therapy International, 16(1), 82-88. Trotter, R. T. , Chavira, J. A. (1997). Curanderismo: Mexican American Folk Healing. University of Georgia Press. How to cite Traditionl Healers in Latin America, Papers

Etiko Brand Building and Marketing

Question: Discuss about theEtiko for Brand Building and Marketing. Answer: Introduction: Etiko means ethics and as the name suggest, this company formed in the year 2005 promises to provide goods that are produced by adopting the highest level of ethical standards in its production and distribution policies. Within a decade from its existence in the Australian market, Etiko has bagged the top position for the third time in the ranking given by Australian Fashion Report (AFR). The founder of the company, Nick Savaidis, is well known for its policies of providing a decent wage and workable environment to its labourers and concentrated on the developing economies such as that of India and Pakistan. Nicks motive was to create its own brand rather than becoming a mere supplier to the existing brands. Providing distinctive products to the customers is the key to success in todays world apart from producing goods which are eco-friendly. The most commendable part of this brand is that though it is very small as compared to the other big budget companies who have huge advertiseme nt budgets with them to advertise their products and create a unique brand value, Etiko has succeeded to make a stand in such a market condition also just because its products are as is said uber cool as well as environment friendly. However off lately Nick has realised that in order to survive and ensure continuity in providing Fair trade Premiums he needs to increase the reach (Carter, 2016). The same is possible only if adequate brand building can be done but there are financial limitations which the company has to keep in mind while deciding upon the best method of branding. Marketing Options Nick Savaidis has many options but each have its own added advantages and disadvantages to be addressed. The very first method of creating its brand value and increasing its reach is via the traditional method of advertising and PR approach. This is the most effective and sought after approaches that all the firms prefer to adopt in order to get quicker results. The reach is larger and more effective via the traditional method advertising through televisions, radios and newspapers. But the same is useful mostly for the big business houses only because of the amount of cost involved in it. The traditional method though yields faster results to the business organizations yet is not feasible for small entities who have limited capital. The public relations campaign is a very erratic method of advertising. If any other important breaking news arrives then the focus of the media gets shifted towards covering those events rather than concentrating upon advertisements (Lavinsky, 2013). Furt her this method is also not suitable for delivering adequate data to the end users as desired by the organizations. The second option available is building up of the brand gradually. Though the same is a very cost effective method available which involves low financial risk for the entity yet the same has its own disadvantages. Due to gradual brand building, the entities may end up losing crucial business opportunities. By not investing into such media which would enable quicker brand building, the larger business houses may end up taking away even the small market share that these small entities possess. The third option is however more feasible for the small business houses. The world has shifted its base towards digital marketing. Digital media has enabled better connectivity of like minded people and is also cost friendly as well. The biggest advantage apart from the cost is the reach. It easily reaches a very wide number of customers within a very short period of time. The only nuisance caused by this method of marketing is increase in the number of participants which has made it too claustrophobic n nature (Dontigney, 2015). Recommendation to Etiko From the point of view of Etiko, I would suggest that the third option is the best taking into consideration the companys financial constraints. The company is pioneered towards establishment of an organic fashion trend in Australia which is its USP. The companys mission is to products goods which are environment friendly and are not produced by exploiting the human capital or harming the environment. The motto that Etiko has is a rarity and it aims to concentrate on those customers who understand the values of human resource and the environment. Those who are inclined towards protection of the environment will understand the benefits of using Etiko products. Further it provides employment opportunities in countries like India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka thus trying to pull them above the poverty line. The company however does not believe in compromising on their quality of products and also produces goods that may attract the masses(DeSilva, 2015). Being an environment friendly manufacturer of fashion wear, the company with its limited resources should concentrate on branding by the use of digital media. It is the widest platform available at present which ensures easy reach. Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter tweets as well as podcasts. It is very difficult for the company to advertise using print media because of its high cost and ignorance amongst the young group of targeted customers. Its cool products are mainly designed to provide comfort as its main ingredient (Snedeker, 2016). According to me, Etiko should formulate a strategy to first and foremost identify its customer base. This can be done by conducting various campaigns across Australia, educating people about how they are helping the poor and under developed indirectly by paying a little extra. Comparisons should be made in a pictorial format which should be floated in facebook as well as twitter. I would also recommend the company to distribute some free samples to enable people to get a feel of the quality of the product and thus understand the uniqueness that it has to offer on the platter (Head, 2014). The next step that Etiko should take is to hire the people internally to participate in these campaigns and feedback processes with the external customers which would enable to save cost as well as provide the customers with first hand information to all their queries. Formation of a small club or a committee and inviting consumers who have an inclination towards Green Australia. The most important aim of the company is to enter the market where people care about the workers and the environment. In such a scenario one of the best ways to promote the brand further would be by entering into collaborations with those organizations and NGOs who are dedicated towards safety of the environment and human rights (Chapman, 2016). These should have to be adequately highlighted in the digital media by the company so that its work is adequately exposed to the other consumers as well who are yet not inclined towards protection of the human rights and environment. This can possibly convert some customers towards thinking about saving the surroundings in which they reside by creating an awareness program (Zwiling, 2011). Lastly to ensure that these work well the chronology should be understood and a catchy tag line which is the need of the present hour should be designed which would be enough to reiterate the unique identity of Etiko by itself. Conlcusion Thus Etiko should undertake various small methods and marketing gimmicks which would help it to drive the force slowly but steadily and at the same time keeping in mind the cost constraint that it has. The main issue which the company recently faces is lack of awareness amongst the masses. The same can be done by adoption of digital marketing mingled with personal campaigning and awareness programs. Therefore Etiko can create a stark brand value with the limited resource that it has simply by adopting these small methods rather than investing its finances into one kind of a marketing methodology. This also would ultimately give an alternative to the company in case of failure of any one marketing strategy. References: Carter, J. (2016). Walking the Walk- How Etiko Became One of Australias Most Ethical Brands. Featured, People. Retrieved from https://goodonyou.org.au/etiko-leading-the-way/ Chapman, G. (2016). Marketing Strategies and Tactics. Retrieved from https://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1biw=1242bih=606q=unique+marketing+strategies+for+small+businesssa=Xved=0ahUKEwiy1ZyrmdzOAhWLQ48KHQ_eCgMQ1QIIkAEoAA DeSilva, D. (2015). How Small Business owners can get started with online marketing. Financial Review. Retrieved from https://www.afr.com/it-pro/how-small-business-owners-can-get-started-with-online-marketing-20150220-13kelt Dontigney, E. (2015). Adaptation Marketing Strategy. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/adaptation-marketing-strategy-71691.html Head, G. (2014). 5 Keys to a Great Small Business Marketing Strategy. Retrieved from https://smallbiztrends.com/2014/09/5-keys-great-small-business-marketing-strategy.html Lavinsky, D. (2013). Is Traditional Marketing Still Alive.? Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/davelavinsky/2013/03/08/is-traditional-marketing-still-alive/#1b8b55a42f38 Snedeker, B. (2016). Cost-Effective Guerilla Marketing Strategies for Small Businesses. Retrieved from https://learn.infusionsoft.com/marketing/advertising/guerrilla-marketing-strategies-for-small-businesses/ Zwiling, M. (2011). Good Entrepreneurs Can Grow a Business Without a Large Budget. Business Insider. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/entrepreneurs-build-big-dreams-without-big-money-2011-5?IR=T