The Importance of Literature free essay sample

Even though the books would be burned physically, the words and stories the books contained would live on inside her! The fact that this woman died with her book shows Montag that books must have something special that the government doesnt want them to know about. It also shows how important books are, even though today we seem to take them for granted. 2. Quote: â€Å" ‘Its not just the woman that died,’ said Montag. ‘Last night I thought about all that kerosene Ive used in the past ten years. And I thought about books. And for the first time I realized that a man was behind each one of the books. A man had to think them up. A man had to take a long time to put them down on paper. And Id never even thought that thought before. ’ † (Bradbury 49) Explanation: Montag for the first time saw that he was not only destroying a Mangano 2 nonliving thing, but also destroying the person who wrote that book. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was destroying something that took maybe years and lots of thought and effort to make. He was destroying the author’s existence. Montag realized that maybe these books could help him solve his problems and figure out what to do with his life. This also shows how books arent just pages, but a man and his time, efforts, and thoughts written down for a purpose. Literature is important and has a purpose and Montag realizes here. 3. Quote: â€Å" ‘We must all be alike. Not everyone born free and equal, as the Constitution says, but everyone made equal. Each man the image of every other; then all are happy, for there are no mountains to make them cower, to judge themselves against. So! A book is a loaded gun in the house next door. Burn it. ’ † (Bradbury 55-6) Explanation: While it would be easier if everyone were the same, it wouldnt make everyone truly happy! It might trick them into thinking that theyre happy, like whats happened with the people in the book, but it wouldnt be sincere happiness. Also, theres only so much fun you can take before its not fun anymore. Too much fake happiness and forced fun can turn anyone suicidal and can make people kill, just like the kids did in the book. Books help people think about something for themselves and have their own opinion and thats why theyre illegal in this book because the government wants a bunch of drones, they dont want anyone to have their own opinion. . Quote: â€Å" ‘Colored people dont like Little Black Sambo. Burn it. White people dont feel good about Uncle Toms Cabin. Burn it. Someones written a book on tobacco and cancer of the lungs? The cigarette people are weeping? Burn the book. Serenity, Montag. Peace, Montag. ’ † (Bradbury 57) Mangano 3 Explanation: Books may raise anger, sadness and tears, or even happiness. The people in this book havent felt real or e ven any emotions about anything in their lives. The emotions they feel in their TV parlors are fake and have no root. They dont just talk anymore even if theyre husband and wife! Their lack of talking means lack of arguing or laughing and the law against reading books means they havent read a book and had emotions either. Also, books always have a purpose; whether its to explain how or why something works, share information about someone’s life, or entertain. White people may not like Uncle Toms Cabin, but it was written for a purpose! The cigarette people may be weeping over a book on tobacco and cancer of the lungs, but theyre upset by it for a reason! It makes them have their own opinion as well. 5. Quote: â€Å"Then he reached up and pulled back the grill of the air-conditioning system and reached far back to the right and moved still another sliding sheet of metal and took out a book. Without looking at it he dropped it to the floor. He put his hand back up and took out two books and moved his hand down and dropped the two books to the floor. He kept moving his hand and dropping books, small ones, fairly large ones, yellow, red, green ones. When he was done he looked down upon some twenty books lying at his wifes feet. † (Bradbury 63) Explanation: Montag had risked his job and really his whole life to steal these books! When he stole them he knew it was illegal and wrong to do as a fireman, but Montag knew there was something in books that might be worth it or at least worth the try. He felt he had nothing to loose. He just knew that books might somehow be able to help him. In the end he may have lost his wife and his house and his job, but they actually Mangano 4 saved his life as well. They saved him from the bomb in the city. 6. Quote: â€Å" ‘That woman, the other night, Millie, you werent there. You didnt see her face. And Clarisse. You never talked to her. I talked to her. And men like Beatty are afraid of her. I cant understand it. Why should they be so afraid of someone like her? But I kept putting her alongside the firemen in the House last night, and I suddenly realized I didnt like them at all, and I didnt like myself at all anymore. And I thought maybe it would be best if the firemen themselves were burnt. ’ † (Bradbury 64) Explanation: Montag realized that books must have some big importance if someone was willing to actually die for them. Montag also realized that he didnt want to be a destroyer of anything anymore, even if t meant giving up his job for something that might not really help him or be what he expected. There was no guarantee the books would help answer the questions Montag asked, but he stole the books anyway. Beatty was afraid of people who read because they had knowledge, their own opinion, and they could think for themselves. Knowledge is power, and the government wanted to be the only thing in that country with a uthority. 7. Quote: ‘Ive heard rumors; the world is starving, but were well fed. Is it true, the world works hard and we play? Is that why were hated so much? Ive heard the rumors about hate, too, once in a long while, over the years. Do you know why? I dont, thats sure! Maybe the books can get us half out of the cave. They just might stop us from making the same damn insane mistakes! I dont hear those idiot bastards in your parlor talking about it. ’ (Bradbury 70) Explanation: Books give Montag one last hope to figure out whats wrong, to Mangano 5 make himself and his wife truly happy for once. Books are important because they force you to think about yourself and your life. Books force you to look around at the world and see the harsh reality. They give you a bit of a wake up call, sometimes. Thats what Montag was forced to do the night the lady was burnt with her books and the day in the park when he first met Faber. Montag wants more than anything to not have to trust someone, but to find out for himself and with books he is able to do that. 8. Quote: ‘So now do you see why books are hated and feared? They show the pores in the face of life. The comfortable people want only wax moon faces, poreless, hairless, expressionless. We are living in a time when flowers are trying to live on flowers, instead of growing on good rain and black loam. Even fireworks, for all their prettiness, come from the chemistry of the earth. Yet somehow we think we can grow, feeding on flowers and fireworks, without completing the cycle back to reality. Do you know the legend of Hercules and Antaeus, the giant wrestler, whose strength was incredible so long as he stood firmly on the earth? ’ (Bradbury 79) Explanation: Books threaten everyone’s mask of happiness by putting a blinding spotlight on reality. Books can bring people to their senses and make them take a look in the mirror and see the true monster they have become. This is what Faber is trying to explain to Montag in this quote. . Quote: ‘What traitors books can be! You think theyre backing you up, and they turn on you. Others can use them, too, and there you are, lost in the middle of the moor, in a great welter of nouns and verbs and adjectives. ’ (Bradbury 104) Explanation: Books are useful and important because they make you think for Mangano 6 yours elf, which is the one thing Montag really craves. You also have the freedom to disagree with a book and have your own opinion. Beatty is too close-minded and brainwashed to understand that books dont have to always be right or in agreement with another book. The rest of the country are either too afraid to get a book and read it or dont care enough to try. 10. Quote: ‘I want you to meet Jonathan Swift, the author of that evil political book, Gullivers Travels! And this other fellow is Charles Darwin, and this one is Schopenhauer, and this one is Einstein, and this one here at my elbow is Mr. Albert Schweitzer, a very kind philosopher indeed. Here we all are, Montag. Aristophanes and Mahatma Gandhi and Gautama Buddha and Confucius and Thomas Love Peacock and Thomas Jefferson and Mr. Lincoln, if you please. We are also Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. ’ (Bradbury 144-5) Explanation: Montags wife, Mildred, earlier in the book had said, books werent people, but the quote above disproves that statement. Books can be people in a bunch of ways, whether its a biography, autobiography, or memorizing the book and becoming the ‘dust jacket’ like Granger said. The Book Thief: 1. Quote: â€Å"The book thief had struck for the first time the beginning of an illustrious career. † (Zusak 29) Explanation: This is the start of Liesels journey of learning and stealing as well. Shell learn how to read and use her words later on to become the word shaker. This Mangano 7 shows how sometimes books can be addicting. Once you start reading you get hooked and need more. Thats why steal in books became a career for her. It was because she couldnt just settle for one or two or even three books, she craved for more. 2. Quote: â€Å"They began to leave the scene of the crime, and the book was well and truly burning her now. The Shoulder Shrug had applied itself to her ribcage. † (Zusak 122) Explanation: The book was smoldering hot, but Liesel still took it from the dead fire. Liesel was willing to endure the pain of the book burning into her chest and the consequences she might get from her Papa or Mama if they found out she had taken it that night. She risked all this for a book because books gave her the ability to spend time with Papa and spend time in the basement both of which she loved. 3. Quote: â€Å"Where Hans Huberman and Eric Vanderburg were ultimately united by music, Max and Liesel were held together by the quiet gathering of words. † (Zusak 248) Explanation: Literature has the power to connect two people together. Music also can do this. Reading books bonded Liesel and Max jointly and started their friendship. Books not only connected Max and Liesel but also connected Liesel and the mayor’s wife. Later on reading books also gave Liesel a sense of purpose and usefulness. . Quote: â€Å"She didn’t dare to look up, but she could feel their frightened eyes hanging on to her as she hauled the words in and breathed them out. A voice played the notes inside her. This, it said, is your accordion. † (Zusak 381) Explanation: Although, Liesel was petrified she continued to read. It was a big step f or Liesel to continue, especially since the last time she tried to read in front of people she was too scared and not good enough. Reading during the raid also gave her a Mangano 8 sense of purpose and would afterward give her the opportunity to read for her neighbor, Frau Holtzapfel. Reading was Liesel’s accordion. It was her way of connecting to people around her and making them feel better, just like she did during the second and third air raid. She calmed everyone down by reading books to them and it got their mind off of where they were. 5. Quote: â€Å"And the girl goes on reading, for that’s why she’s there, and it feels good to be good for something in the aftermath of the snows of Stalingrad. † (Zusak 471) Explanation: Reading becomes a way for Liesel to help others. It gives Liesel a purpose and makes her feel accomplished, needed, and smart. Reading to her neighbor, Frau Holtzapfel, also got her family more of what it needed, especially since Liesel was paid in coffee and other items for reading to her. 6. Quote: â€Å"Liesel did not look back, but she knew that if she did, she’d have found her brother at the bottom of the steps again, his knee completely healed. † (Zusak 473) Explanation: She finally had healed the wounds she created inside herself when she burned with hatred and anger. She had forgiven herself for the things she had done and was ready to stop reliving her past and look toward the future instead. She had made things right with everyone. The books had helped her to this. 7. Quote: â€Å"She smiled and smiled, and when it all came out, she walked home and her brother never climbed into her sleep again. In many ways she would miss him, but she could never miss his deadly eyes on the floor of the train or the sound of a cough that killed. † (Zusak 473) Explanation: Both reading and time had healed her mentally and that’s what Mangano 9 stopped her nightmares from continuing. She also finally accepted the fact her brother died next to her while she was watching and that there was nothing she could’ve done to stop it. She was ready to move on from that time in her life, even though she knew she’d still always miss him. She just wouldn’t miss him haunting her at night anymore. 8. Quote: â€Å"She was still clutching the book. She was holding desperately on to the words who had saved her life. † (Zusak 499) Explanation: Writing and reading saved Liesel’s life both figuratively and literally. Just like her Papa, Hans Huberman, who was saved in his first war by having to read and write letters, reading and writing also saved Liesel. And just like what happened to Hans in that war, everyone around her died, but she was safe. 9. Quote: â€Å" ‘Max,’ she said. He turned and briefly closed his eyes as the girl continued. ‘There was once a strange, small man,’ she said. Her arms were loose but her hands were fists at her side. ‘But there was a word shaker, too. ’ † (Zusak 512) Explanation: When she read in the second and third air raid she was becoming the word shaker. Now seeing Max and where he was, she reminded him of that and of who he was. He wasn’t alone. His book had helped her realize that neither was she. 10. Quote: â€Å" ‘I thought if you’re not going to read any more of my books, you might like to write one instead. Your letter, it was†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ She handed the book to Liesel with both hands. You can certainly write. You write well. ’ † (Zusak 523) Explanation: This is a turning point in Liesel’s career. Liesel goes from being the reader of a book to the writer of one. Reading books, like Liesel had, helps you write better and it gives you a broader pers pective on things around you. Liesel was obviously Mangano 10 a pretty good writer, and it was evident because of the way the mayor’s wife spoke to Liesel about it. Mangano 11 â€Å"Work Cited† Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York: Simon amp; Schuster Paperbacks, 1951. Zusak, Markus. The Book Thief. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005.

Free Essays on Hamlet’s Troubled Mind

Hamlet’s Troubled Mind â€Å" †¦To be, or not to be: that is the question†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Probably the most quoted line in the history of dramatic literature, not bad, for a madman. In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, our hero is haunted by the ghost of his kingly father who was viscously and premeditatedly murdered by the King’s own shameless wife and coveting brother. Imagine if you will a specter of your dead father appearing before you and divulging a secret so intense it plants the seeds of insanity. Tragedy is defined as a form of drama in which a person of superior intelligence and character, a leader of the community, is overcome by the very obstacles he struggles against. Never has there been a more fitting definition written for one character, never has there been a more sorrowful, pitifully tormented human being than Hamlet. Our hero walks on the cliff’s edge of sanity and insanity through out his single-minded task of bittersweet revenge, drifting closer to the edge wi th every turn of the page. Nothing it seems will veer him from his path of righteousness, not understanding, not reason, not friendship or family, or the mightiest emotion of them all, love. Hamlet is faced with the knowledge that his own mother stole away his beloved father for her own sinful pleasures of the flesh, this thought to say the least, is maddening for our righteous hero. As if the grief felt by a loved one’s passing were not enough, this deceitful, hideous act of treasonous lust is thrust upon Hamlet’s weary mind, leading his head and heart in a downward spiral to despair and madness. This explains why Hamlet’s love for Ophelia, the alluring daughter of Polonius, was buried within his father’s casket. How does one forgive a mother for killing the father? How does one love an uncle knowing your father’s body rots and decays beneath the dirt, because the brother placed him there? Hamlet’s mind must have traveled into the depth ’s o... Free Essays on Hamlet’s Troubled Mind Free Essays on Hamlet’s Troubled Mind Hamlet’s Troubled Mind â€Å" †¦To be, or not to be: that is the question†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Probably the most quoted line in the history of dramatic literature, not bad, for a madman. In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, our hero is haunted by the ghost of his kingly father who was viscously and premeditatedly murdered by the King’s own shameless wife and coveting brother. Imagine if you will a specter of your dead father appearing before you and divulging a secret so intense it plants the seeds of insanity. Tragedy is defined as a form of drama in which a person of superior intelligence and character, a leader of the community, is overcome by the very obstacles he struggles against. Never has there been a more fitting definition written for one character, never has there been a more sorrowful, pitifully tormented human being than Hamlet. Our hero walks on the cliff’s edge of sanity and insanity through out his single-minded task of bittersweet revenge, drifting closer to the edge wi th every turn of the page. Nothing it seems will veer him from his path of righteousness, not understanding, not reason, not friendship or family, or the mightiest emotion of them all, love. Hamlet is faced with the knowledge that his own mother stole away his beloved father for her own sinful pleasures of the flesh, this thought to say the least, is maddening for our righteous hero. As if the grief felt by a loved one’s passing were not enough, this deceitful, hideous act of treasonous lust is thrust upon Hamlet’s weary mind, leading his head and heart in a downward spiral to despair and madness. This explains why Hamlet’s love for Ophelia, the alluring daughter of Polonius, was buried within his father’s casket. How does one forgive a mother for killing the father? How does one love an uncle knowing your father’s body rots and decays beneath the dirt, because the brother placed him there? Hamlet’s mind must have traveled into the depth ’s o...

Assignment #2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

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A Subsidiary of an MNC in Saudi Arabia Research Paper

A Subsidiary of an MNC in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example Best Company, Inc, 2011). All these factors are set to affect political and financial stability of Saudi Arabia. The paper will look into the political and financial risks that will affect a subsidiary of an MNC coming to do business in Saudi Arabia for the first time. Political Risk The political risk in Saudi Arabia is moderate. Saudi Arabia is among the six countries that frame the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The objectives of GCC are formulation of consistent regulatory environment, cooperation of the private sector, and the establishment of a common currency. The regional political unrest, mainly in Bahrain, is a major concern for Saudi Arabia. There are expectations that King Abdullah will go on with his reform agendas in the next few years (A.M. Best Company, Inc, 2011). There are pressures mounting on the ruling House of Saud and several factors are set to compromise the political stability of the Kingdom. The first factor is the long-term implications of the population e xplosion in the Kingdom in the past 25 years. Population explosion linked with rapid urbanization, insufficient education system, persistent and increase in the numbers, and the lack of employment opportunities is straining the Saudi Arabia social fabric. The extensive unemployment among the young males is because of the education system that has failed to equip them with the necessary skills required to match the â€Å"Saudi Arabia’s requirements for a modern economic, commercial and industrial workplace† (Corbett, 2006). The labor market of Saudi Arabia is unable to sustain the huge number of new entrants together with the increasing number of educated women looking for employment. The state education system has failed to generate productive members in the society and thus, it has underpinned the employment problem. Primary and secondary education is based on the religious curriculum and this education material has been under criticism because it has encouraged stude nts to be prejudiced towards the other religions apart from Islam. The resultant effect has been that some Saudi Arabians have become vulnerable to radicalization and terrorist recruitment. Political instability fears are due to the succession issues and, perhaps, they may be a western obsession that is frequently accompanied by the failure to acknowledge how senior princes of the Kingdom have achieved collaboration in the past years. The succession debate has put a lot of pressure on the political stability of the nation. The debate is focusing on the time the leadership will go to the next generation. Despite the present pressures, Saudi Arabia is proving its resilience and it has started adapting to the challenges. As the reforms gather speed, the projections for long-term stability are improving. Short-term measures include effective measures to contain terrorism threat. In the meantime, the royal family â€Å"will continue to work towards addressing the underlying causes of in stability, attempting to reinvigorate confidence in its leadership among the Saudi Arabian public† (Corbett, 2006). Financial Risk The financial system risk in Saudi Arabia is low. Saudi Arabia business environment is average and the reliability and availability of corporate financial data or information varies widely. The collection of debt sometimes proves to be difficult because of the poor administration framework. The

Patricia Piccinini and David Hockney Comparison

Patricia Piccinini and David Hockney Comparison Art explores many elements of life and the world. It explores and represents meanings in which are interpreted by the audience in various ways. Artists use different techniques to enhance their own individual message or perspective, whether it be distinctively clear or subtle. Artists such as Patricia Piccinini explore identity through life-like animal sculptures that resemble human characteristics. Her message is more powerful in analysis rather than first glance. David Hockney is also an artist who explores identity of the individual by representing lifes journey through his technique of photo montage. Art is the representation of the many elements of human life. It is the expression of emotion, the representation of objects or landscapes, life experiences and it can also be the representation of people and events. Identity can be represented as well as constructed in the visual arts. Many artists are able to do this in diverse and individual ways. Patricia Piccininis controversial artworks explore the identity and contrast between human and animal life. David Hockneys photo montage illustrates a very different approach to represent and construct identity. His artwork explores this concept through a narrative based artwork that represents lifes individual journey each must take in order to construct ones true identity. However, it is not only these two artists that explore identity. There are numerous artists who explore identity in a variety of ways. Some more subtle than others. This is because identity can be explored in so many different ways. Identity can be seen as a national identity, community identity, cultural, physical, professional, individual, sexual-orientation or marital status etc. There are many artists that explore these identities. Piccinini has explored the physical identity and relationship between human and animal. Whereas Hockney has explored the individual identity, and the path we journey through our lives Identity can be defined as individual characteristics by which a person is recognised or known. Art is a mirror image of a persons identity, circle of influence, and perceived worlds or realities. Art reflects what we feel, think, practice, believe, or imagine (Gaskins, N. 2010). Both Patricia Piccinini and David Hockney represent this in different ways by taking different approaches. Piccininis work is known for her extravagant and controversial life-like sculptures which present a more obvious meaning than that of Hockney. Through the use of symbolism, Hockneys photo montage creates a more subtle representation of identity. It is only with more analysis that Hockneys creation can be more understood. Although the audience perspectives can vary in conclusion as each individual can perceive this narrative type artwork and relate to the journey offered and constructed in different ways. The Young Family (2002-3) Apart from the image that is represented, there is often a second meaning within the artwork, (Clack, M. 2010). At a glance; the work of Patricia Piccinini is disturbing and questionable, hence the reason for the controversial perspectives. However if looked at with more depth and analysis, her artworks become interestingly engaging. The way in which she represents and constructs identity is far different to other artists. Patricia Piccinini is an artist who explores the frontiers of science and technology through her sculptures, photographs and video environments (Kent, R. 2002). Within her artwork she is able to construct a powerful message; that enables her to express personal view on a topic. The work makes public something other than itself; it manifests something other; it is an allegory (Clack, M. 2010). Personal identity and the issues surrounding it lie at the core of Piccininis project. Her works invite the question: what is it that makes us who we are? (Kent, R. 2002). Her artwork titled, The Young Family (2003) has sparked a lot of controversy because of the many perspectives it represents. Her life-like imagery is about compromises about being able to find beauty in a world which can never be perfect. (Papastergiadis, N. 2002). This artwork explores the distinction between animal and human characteristics. The similarities of both identities are obvious, which is what Patricia Piccinini is trying to portray. In a political and scientific perspective the inspiration behind this work is the expectation that we have of growing human organs in other species (Piccinini, P. 2003). In this artwork motherhood is one of the traits we share with animals; Patricia Piccinini has evidently shown this. From synthetic landscapes to artificial life forms, Piccinini creates a world in which fa ct, fiction and fantasy co-exist. She begs the question: what, in our rapidly changing world, constitutes the real anyway? (Kent, R. 2002). Pearblossom Hwy (1986) David Hockneys artwork, Pearblossom Hwy approaches the representation of identity in another way. Hockneys work clearly depicts his life and his love ones (Research Paper 2008). Represented in his artworks is a timeline of individual life on earth. He identifies that individuals have many paths they need to be inevitably travelled with many obstacles on the way. The art work consists of a lot of symbolism. Hockney has used the various stop signs in order to represent the individuals own life obstacles. In life many people will stop to think, is this decision Im about to make the right one? What path should I follow next? Who am I as an individual? etc. One of the many perspectives this artwork offers is that the collage is trying to say that in the beginning of life, people are unknowing of what they will do in their future or that they are lost in life. The end of the highway symbolizes certainty and strength about ones life. (Research Paper 2008). Hockneys art is created for his viewers. His drawings are designed in a special way so that they can be animated to be in the mind of the viewer (Research Paper 2008). David Hockneys aim is to take the audience on a journey that he has created, but one that means something different to each individual. This journey is the exploration of identity. He has captured within this artwork the similarities in lifes journeys, but it is how each individual interprets the story. Identity varies from society to society and individual to individual as variation of systems or personality (Art. 2010). In comparison to Patricia Piccininis artwork, The young family, Hockneys artwork relates solely to each individual. It explores numerous story lines as the interpretation of his artwork differs for each audience member. The identity he explores is more easily related to than that of Piccinini. Patricias outlook on identity explores the similarities between human and animal characteristics, very similar to the evolution theory, the apes transition into human form. Ideas about nature and its simulation are central to Piccininis works, inviting us to question what is real and what is not (Kent, R. 2002). Whereas Hockneys, Pearblossom Hwy explores the concept of what will the individuals future bring? Who am I? Who will I become?. It is more an intimate reflection of ones self. In conclusion, there are many artists who explore and represent identity in many forms and techniques. So in evaluating what is art. Many believe that it is the representation of the many elements of human life such as emotions, objects or landscapes, life experiences, people and events. Patricia Piccinini and David Hockney, while they both explore identity, their ideas and perspectives are entirely different. Patricia Piccininis controversial artworks explore the identity and contrast between human and animal life. While David Hockneys photo montage illustrates a narrative based artwork that represents lifes individual journey each must take in order to construct ones true identity.

Context and Contradictions in Platos Phaedrus and Platos Symposium Es

Context and Contradictions in Plato's Phaedrus and Plato's Symposium It is well known that Plato, a devoted student of Socrates, chronicled many of Socrates' speeches and conversations. Every so often one can find instances where Socrates and other players in these conversations seem to contradict themselves, or at least muddle their arguments. One such occurrence of this is in Plato's Symposium and Plato's Phaedrus. Both texts speak of love in its physical sense, both texts describe love and its effects, and both discuss how it is best realized, yet they do this in very different fashions, and for different reasons. Plato's Phaedrus is a conversation between Socrates and Phaedrus. In this conversation the young Phaedrus is overjoyed to tell Socrates of the speech that he had just heard Lysias, "The best writer living" (Plato Phaedrus 22), tell. In this speech Lysias uses his rhetorical skills to argue that physical love without emotional attachment is preferable to physical love with emotional attachment, "That is the clever thing about it; he makes out that an admirer who is not in love is to be preferred to one who is" (Plato Phaedrus 22). Socrates listens to this speech, as relayed by Phaedrus and quickly becomes aware that this speech was a ploy by Lysias to get Phaedrus into bed with him. Socrates then fashions a speech, on the spot, that argues the same points that Lysias did. Socrates? speech is going well but is interrupted by "divine sign." Socrates then has to fashion a new speech that renounces the blasphemous nature of the first. Socrates? second speech contains the famous image of l ove as a charioteer with two horses. He also addresses the nature of the soul and the effects that love has on it (which will be ... ...ut different contexts and thus different ideals. The differences in the manner in which they reference love is nothing short of appalling. It would seem as though Eros was a God who (and whose gifts) came under much criticism, so much so that Socrates and Phaedrus needed to define Eros, both the verb and the God. Then the same discussion takes place in Symposium but with quite a different outcome. Men are Men; they change, as do their ideas. In this case the change in ideas came from context; different goals were trying to be achieved. This does not mean that either text is more or less valid or has more or less value than the other. For in both Eros is still given his due. Works Cited: Plato. "Phaedrus." The Works of Plato. Trans. B. Jowett. New York: The Dial Press, n.d. Plato. The Symposium. Ed. Christopher Gill. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1999.

Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture

Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture by Bernard M. Bass , Bruce J. Avolio The organization's culture develops in large part from its leadership while the culture of an organization can also affect the development of its leadership. For example, transactional leaders work within their organizational cultures following existing rules, procedures, and norms; transformational leaders change their culture by first understanding it and then realigning the organization's culture with a new vision and a revision of its shared assumptions, values, and norms (Bass, 1985). Effective organizations require both tactical and strategic thinking as well as culture building by its leaders. Strategic thinking helps to create and build the vision of an agency's future. The vision can emerge and move forward as the leader constructs a culture that is dedicated to supporting that vision. The culture is the setting within which the vision takes hold. In turn, the vision may also determine the characteristics of the organization's culture. Transformational leaders have been characterized by four separate components or characteristics denoted as the 4 Is of transformational leadership (Avolio, Waldman, and Yammarino (1991). These four factors include idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. Transformational leaders integrate creative insight, persistence and energy, intuition and sensitivity to the needs of others to â€Å"forge the strategy-culture alloy† for their organizations. In contrast, transactional leaders are characterized by contingent reward and management-by-exception styles of leadership. Essentially, transactional leaders develop exchanges or agreements with their followers, pointing out what the followers will receive if they do something right as well as wrong. They work within the existing culture, framing their decisions and action based on the operative norms and procedures characterizing their respective organizations. In a highly innovative and satisfying organizational culture we are likely to see transformational leaders who build on assumptions such as: people are trustworthy and purposeful; everyone has a unique contribution to make; and complex problems are handled at the lowest level possible. Leaders who build such cultures and articulate them to followers typically exhibit a sense of vision and purpose. They align others around the vision and empower others to take greater responsibility for achieving the vision. Such leaders facilitate and teach followers. They foster a culture of creative change and growth rather than one which maintains the status quo. They take personal responsibility for the development of their followers. Their followers operate under the assumption that all organizational members should be developed to their full potential.

Words for Telling the Future

Words for Telling the Future Words for Telling the Future Words for Telling the Future By Maeve Maddox Even as scientists explore Quantum Theory, ancient practices for divining the future continue to flourish. Ronald and Nancy Reagan regularly consulted astrologers, and many newspaper readers check the astrology column before looking at anything else. Tarot readers and palm readers make a living at it. Here are some words writers might want to use in describing some of these practices. Divination is the practice of foreseeing the future or finding out hidden knowledge by some means or other. Ancient Romans studied the flight of birds to determine whether or not the day was favorable for some action. This method of divination is called augury. The verb to augur means to predict or indicate the future. One could say, missing a step on the way out of the house, That does not augur well! Romans had a specialized diviner called a haruspex who cut open animals and examined their entrails. This practice is called haruspicy. Several words that end in -mancy refer to methods of divination. Geomancy interprets markings on the ground, or the piles or patterns made by dirt when it is tossed. The geo comes from the word for earth. Necromancy involves summoning up the dead, the way King Saul did when he called on the Witch of Endor. The necro comes from the Greek word for dead. Sometimes necromancy is used to refer to any kind of black magic that involves the summoning of demons. Oneiromancy is divination by dreams. Bibliomancy is divining by opening a book at random and reading the first phrase that ones eyes light upon. Although the Bible is often the book used for this form of divination, other books are used. The biblio comes from Greek and Latin words for paper or scroll. The Bible is literally the Book. Another word for this practice is sortes. Some other familiar types of divination: Palmistry is divination by reading the lines on the palm of the hand. Phrenology is divination by feeling the bumps on a persons head. This practice was really popular in Victorian times. Many novelists have their characters talk about it. Astrology predicts a persons future according to alignment of the stars and planets. Dowsing is a method of finding the location of water or other underground substances with the use of a forked stick or wire. Clairvoyance is divination by second sight. Numerology is divination with numbers Sortilege is divination by casting lots. Priests do it in the Old Testament. Finally, two practices that you know about, but probably dont know the words for, are those of reading tea leaves and gazing into a crystal ball. Tasseography is the word for reading the future in tea leaves at the bottom of a cup. Scrying is what the gypsy does when she looks into her crystal ball and tells you that you are going to come into a large sum of money. If you ever doubted that English has a word for everything, take a look at these sites that feature lists of divination of every kind: Online etymology dictionary Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational Writing26 Feel-Good Words50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses

How to Return a Value in JavaScript

How to Return a Value in JavaScript The best way to pass information back to code that called a function in JavaScript is to write the function so the values that are used by the function are passed to it as parameters and the function returns whatever value it needs to without using or updating any global variables. By limiting the way in which information is passed to and from functions, it is easier to reuse the same function from multiple places in the code. JavaScript Return Statement JavaScript provides for passing one value back to the code that called it after everything in the function that needs to run has finished running. JavaScript passes a value from a function back to the code that called it by using the return statement. The value to be returned is specified in the return. That value can be a  constant value, a variable, or a calculation where the result of the calculation is returned. For example: return 3;return xyz;return true;return x / y 27;​You can include multiple return statements into your function each of which returns a different value. In addition to returning the specified value the return statement also acts as an instruction to exit from the function at that point. Any code that follows the return statement will not be run.function num(x, y) {if (x ! y) {return false;}if (x 5) {return 5;}return x;} The above function shows how you control which return statement is run by using if statements. The value that is returned from a call to a function is the value of that function call. For example, with that function, you can set a variable to the value that is returned using the following code (which would set result to 5). var result num(3,3); The difference between functions and other variables is that the function has to be run in order to determine its value. When you need to access that value in multiple places in your code, it is more efficient to run the function once and assign the value returned to a variable. That variable is used in the rest of the calculations.

Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Questions - Coursework Example However, sales people do face challenges in the course of their work. For instance, a salesperson promises to deliver goods to a customer in two days. In this case, a promise has been made, and it is either be kept or broken by the company’s distribution department. When the promise is broken, many people in the society have a perception that sales persons are dishonest. Members of the society have had bad experiences with personal selling, as they perceive sales people as annoying and over aggressive. A marketing mix is a method used by sales people to market their goods and services. The marketing mix is important when determining a brand’s offer. There are four P’s that are associated with marketing mix: product, price, Place and Promotion. The marketing mix is used to optimize the promotional tactics and advertising mix to increase sales. The selling act fits into the marketing mix through advertising, for instance, one has to ensure that the products meets the ideal 4 Ps for them to meet high demand in the market (Martin, 2009). Cold canvassing method is a traditional method used in selling process. It refers to the first call made to a potential customer. One of the major disadvantages of cold canvassing is that scammers have also used it, an element that has led to an escalation in fraud. Cold canvassing is perceived to be annoying by the customers, and this method might not attract success in businesses. Further, one may fail to get the best-qualified candidates for a certain post. Additionally, it may consume more time to convince potential employees. To achieve success in sales, the salesperson must first set goals and objectives and focus on achieving the goals after every sales call. Sales calls without clear outline objectives are wastage of time and company’s resources. It is important for a sales person to establish objectives to determine the

Human security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human security - Essay Example The author believes that the deeper understanding on the ideas will be attained by examining the opposing and concordant views on human security. The articles reviewed have become as compelling as they present realistic and eye-opener accounts, yet antithetical in some degree. Overview of Chandler’s Work The article by David Chandler entitled, Human Security: The Dog That Didn’t Bark provides an important revelation on the â€Å"deconstruction of myth that human security shows a typical conflict between the state and the individual security† (Owen 2008). Chandler’s article is based on the analysis of the two books namely, Human Security: Concepts and Implications written by Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh & Anuradha M. Chenoy and A Decade of Human Security: Global Governance and New Multilateralisms written by Mclean, Black & Shaw. Chandler started his argument through citing the idea that global policy making overbearingly suggests two different views. One view poi nted out the construal of the dynamics of the society’s power relationships and inequalities, as well as insecurities. The other view pertained to the idea of identifying the interrelatedness, interconnection, and susceptibilities of security threats and the urgency for composite, cooperative, human-centered answers. Chandler’s First Argument While Tadjbakhsh and Chenoy claimed that human, as well as the state, should work interdependently, Chandler (2008) conceded that human and the state are indivisible, yet gave consideration to the importance of examining the problem that transpires regarding the state’s collaboration of its idea outside of its absolute model. Chandler ended up criticizing that the authors are more involved with advocacies instead of the evaluation of definite process of human security. Chandler’s first argument stated that â€Å"human security exaggerates new post-cold war security threats† (Chandler 2008, 435). This argument is compelling as it contradicts to the paradigm of human security. The author contended that one of the prevailing reasons why the human security has been applied wrongly by the state is because it overstated the post-cold war security threats. Chandler (2008) claimed that with the absence of conventional adversaries like terrorists, human security processes close the gap securitization issue like environmental, health, and economic security. Nevertheless, inquiry is not about how these issues are securitized but rather it is more important to evaluate the result of these actions. Since Chandler declined to elaborate the result of these actions, it is safe to assume that he falls short of accusing Tadjbakhsh and Chenoy for not considering the connection between normative theory and policy procedures. Chandler’s Second Argument Further, Chandler (2008, 435) argued that â€Å"human security advocates locate these threats in the developing world.† While there are other pa rt of the developed countries, which also have security problems, advocates can also be considered as correct since majority of the people who experienced security problems like extreme poverty are located in developing countries. These people are more vulnerable that is why it has given more attention. In contrast, Chandler (2008) argued that the causal link of human security processes in a globalized world do not exist at all is somewhat questionable since the actual connection solely depends on what dependent variable is utilized. As what Paris (2001) suggests,